76 
AMERICAN POMOIvOGlCAI, SOCIETY 
pomology for the northern part of the United States — we will say Massachu- 
setts, Wisconsin, Minnesota and right along in there. I think I see Mr. Crane- 
field, of Wisconsin, here, and if so I would like to have him say something 
about Canadian pomology in the United States. 
Mr. Cranefield: I expected to come here rather to learn, and would 
like to ask several questions of the Professor a little later on, if I may. 
The conditions I believe over a large part of Wisconsin are very similar to 
those in a part, at least, of Canada. We are now raising apples quite success- 
fully. On the south shore of Lake Superior, on what is known as “the shore,” 
Bayfield, etc., they raise most excellent hardy apples, and a few pears and 
plums, and of course small fruits. The lake shore region of Wisconsin is 
particularly favorable for the raising of apples — not alone the Lake Superior 
shore line but the Michigan shore line also. While this is not a place to 
boast of one’s State, yet as modest as I am, I am compelled to say, that to 
the best of our knowledge and belief, Wisconsin has the largest orchard of 
sour cherries in the world. Seven hundred and twenty acres in one tract 
which, in the language of the street, is “going some,” That orchard each 
year is being increased, and the planters expect to have ultimately one thou- 
sand acres in a single solid block. The climate and soil conditions and the 
typical land of Door County and those regions of Wisconsin, in and around 
Lake Michigan, appear to be very favorable for fruit growing. We are 
planting apples also to a considerable extent in Wisconsin, mostly of the fall 
varieties ; we find we can raise them and sell them as a rule a little bit better 
than planters can in other parts of the country; and that we can sell them 
early and have our money in the bank or spent while the growers in other 
parts of the country are putting them in cold storage. 
We raise quite well, if not to say to perfection, such apples as Oldenburg, 
Wealthy, McIntosh, and Dudley, a popular new variety of the Oldenburg type 
which we borrowed from Maine, and McMahon, which originated in Wiscon- 
sin. About a dozen standard varieties listed by the American Bornological 
Society, originated in Wisconsin; among which the best known are North- 
western and Wolf River. This latter is regarded by us as one of the 
most desirable varieties. It ranks very high on the markets, though 
few people seem to know that. 
The history of pomology in Wisconsin is very interesting and somewhat 
striking. Our earlier settlers attempted to transplant fruit growing methods 
from the Eastern States, and for several years they did not succeed well at 
all. The Baldwin and the Greening and other varieties of apples and the 
grapes that were grown in the East did not succeed; but our pioneers were 
of a hardy and rather determined spirit, and said, “If not those fruits, 
we’ll find some others that can be raised,” and through fifty years we have 
developed and raised fruits in spite of our soils and climate. That I think 
is rather a distinctive feature in our horticulture. We have a race of apples 
which originated on our own soil. Of course we have gone just across the 
state line and taken the Wealthy that originated in Minnesota, and again 
those particularly from Canada and other nearby points — but those most 
successful to-day are the ones which originated in the State. 
The apple industry consists chiefly in raising fall apples; new orchards 
are being planted each year, and we are wondering whether we ought not 
