96 
AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 
Mr. Lazenby: Well, roughly I should say that the labor was about, not 
over, one-third as much as it is here to do that particular work. 
THE CITRUS SITUATION IN TEXAS AND LOUISIANA. 
E. S. Stockwell, Texas. 
In order to fully understand the present conditions here it is necessary 
to hark back to the year 1911 during which we suffered a series of three 
freezes, the first, the nights of the 2d, 3d and 4th of January; the second, the 
nights of the 21st, 22d and 23d of February, and the third on the last night of 
November of that year. 
The first one with few exceptions defoliated the trees, and being fol- 
lowed by several weeks of warm spring like weather brought out a new coat 
of leaves and also buds ready to open into blossoms. Then came the Feb- 
ruary spell and though comparatively light, reaching only to 27 degrees 
above, the trees were again defoliated and blossoms also killed, owing to 
their tender growing condition. 
The November freeze struck them before they had time to recover from 
the devitalizing effects of the two defoliations and practically destroyed all 
the young orchards and some of the older ones, and seriously injured all the 
rest with three or four exceptions, the exceptions being where the trees were 
planted close eight feet by eight feet, or ten feet by ten feet, and where 
orchard heaters were used. In passing will say our own trees were protected 
with orchard heaters, about one hundred and thirty per acre, and we have not 
missed a crop. 
The retarding effects of such severe experiences on the industry are 
very marked and the planting of orchards, especially of large acreages, is 
almost suspended. The Citrus Industry of this immediate section as a com- 
mercial proposition is confined to the raising of Satsuma oranges almost 
exclusively, other oranges, lemons, pomelos and kumquats being mainly for 
home use, and to show prospectors what we can do! 
The Rio Grande Section: As we go southwestward from here (Houston 
and Galveston) we gradually come into a vast semi-arid district which 
includes the Rio Grande valley and which under irrigation is a 
country of undreamed of possibilities and productiveness. Mainly owing 
to the great adaptability of this section to the production of Corn, 
Cotton, Cane and vegetables, the Citrus industry has had but little 
attention. Their plantings are small and mostly of the round orange 
varieties (Satsumas not being adapted to that section), pomelos, Ameri- 
can Wonder and other lemons, among the latter the Kennedy, which 
originated on the Kennedy ranch, and is considered by experts the equal if 
