THIRTY-THIRD BIENNIAL SESSION 
97 
not the superior of any grown anywhere in the world. The groves of this 
section though injured by frosts in 1911 did not sustain the serious damage 
that obtained in localities further up the Coast. The reports from different 
localities in this section are very encouraging and the — we will call them 
experimenters — are hopeful for the future of the industry. 
Louisiana: Until very recently the Citrus groves of Louisiana consisted 
principally of what was called Louisiana sweets, seedlings with many varia- 
tions, scarcely two having fruits exactly alike, yet some of them very fair in 
quality. They are not hardy, freezing down every few years ; but they sprout 
again from the roots and bear a few crops, until agaih frozen. With the 
coming of the Satsuma orange on Citrus trifoliata roots the industry is 
established on a more secure basis and from the few reports that have 
reached me, the outlook for the future is hopeful and a good crop is now 
being marketed at very satisfactory prices. The Citrus Industry of Louisiana, 
like that of Texas, consists mainly of oranges and lemons, pomelos being 
a rarity. 
I have not had opportunity to secure any specific reports from Missis- 
sippi, Alabama, Georgia and Florida, but in a general way the prospect 
seems to be very bright. 
As an experiment, six years ago we planted a combination orchard of 
Satsuma oranges and pecans, the pecans forty-eight feet each way, the 
oranges sixteen feet apart between. The oranges have been bearing the last 
four years. This year they will average about two boxes per tree and we are 
getting $2.50 per box. The pecans produce an average of probably one half 
dozen nuts per tree. 
Several small groves planted eight by eight feet each way escaped the 
freezes of 1911 with but slight injury and have not missed a crop even though 
no heaters were used. It would be only fair to state that the crops of 1911 
and 1912 were much lighter than of 1910 and this year 1913. Summing up 
the situation, the Citrus Industry is on a saner and safer basis than ever 
before and the outlook for the future is most promising. 
A BRIEF HISTORY OF POMOLOGY IN OREGON. 
J. R. Cardwell, Oregon. 
The first settlers found here in the indigenous fruits a promise of the 
abundant yield of the cultivated kinds, which they were not long in utilizing, 
with the most gratifying results. There were the apple, Pyriss rivulan®; 
the plum, Prunus subcordata; the grape, Vitis californica; four elderberries, 
Sambucus glauca, S. arborescens, S. pubens, S. melonocarpa; the black- 
berry, Rubus ursinus; five raspberries, Rubus parviflorus, R. leucodermis, 
R. strigosus, R. pedatms, and R. spectabilis; the strawberry, Fragarsa chiJoen- 
sis; several wild currants, Ribes aureum, R. sanquincum; R. cerneum, R„ 
laxiflorum, R. bracteosum and others; the gooseberries, Ribes menzesii, R. 
