210 
AMERICAN PQMOhOGICAh SOCIETY 
It to work. In the first place, I had about one hundred acres of new ground, 
and we put it right in with four plows and it worked easy enough. The 
horse plows we had used before never did better than that twenty horse 
power tractor, so I thought. I am satisfied we can cultivate a large portion of 
any kind of an orchard in the same way. The twenty horse power does good 
work; and, I am satisfied it is going to do good work in the orchard. 
With four twenty-eight-inch side plows, it has broken that new land, and it 
does nicer work than any plow I ever saw. It will plow about seven acres 
a day. 
Question: How many harrows can you use? 
Mr. Bindley: As many as you like. 
Mr. Perrine (111.) : I think the orchard people want to be careful and 
not get too large a tractor for orchard cultivation. We have been using 
an Avery, $1,225, twelve horse power drawbar and twenty-five horse power 
at the belt. I think it is large enough at least for our use and I would not 
buy a larger tractor than that. We usually call it a light tractor, but it has 
lots of power. What you want is four sets of fourteen-inch discs put side by 
side, covering about sixteen feet wide. We find the greatest difficulty 
in turning at the end. You ought to have plenty of room at the ends. 
No matter how short, your tractor will turn your discs they will not be working 
at the full load, unless there is ample space to turn. In established orchards, 
along the boundary lines, you may of course make some kind of arrangement 
with your neighbor for space. 
Question: If the twelve horsepower tractor would make the grades in 
the orchard all right loaded with the plows in the ground, it would be an 
advantage. Can it do this, or does it require taking out? 
Mr. Perrine: It does not unless you strike hard-pan. Once in a while! in 
our orchard we strike into the hard-pan, and there we get into a little 
trouble, but in ordinary ground we have no trouble in making any grade that 
we have, with the four fourteen-inch Putnam plows and two discs. 
Voice: I was in North Dakota last summer and that is just the country 
for the tractor, and several of the farmers have them already. It is heavy 
soil, and it is the very country for tractors. I saw perhaps one hundred, 
and at present the style is to have very large ones, the tendency, however, 
is to reduce the size. There is a limit in tractor engines;; if they were 
kept to four plows it would be the best for orchard use. 
President Goodman: Mr. Flournoy I think has a tractor in his orchard. 
Mr. Flournoy: I use a small engine. It is not necessary to have a 
large one in our orchard, because it can be turned all right and goals 
through the rows. It is difficult sometimes to make the turns, but I have 
a small orchard and we manage to work very successfully. I do not see 
how we can go back of these tools. The tractor has come to stay, like the 
auto. 
Mr. Burton: I do not understand how you can cultivate an old orchard 
when the trees are spreading fifteen or sixteen feet, and get under the 
trees with a small engine. I would like to know how close you get to 
large trees with an engine of that size. In our case, with the harrow, I 
must say I do not think there is room. We have to take the levers off 
the harrow and leave it down instead of standing up, and I do not see how 
