128 
AMERICAN POMOEOGICAI, SOCIETY 
Diego in 1769; San Gabriel, 1771; Los Angeles, 1781; and Santa Barbara in 
1786. The Pacific Coast viticultural pioneers received their inspiration, as 
well as their start of cuttings, from the California missions. The Mission 
vine planted at Monticito, California, in 1795, was exhibited at the 
Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia. It was eighteen inches in diameter, 
and in one season it produced over five tons, or 10,000 pounds, of grapes. 
The vine at Carpenteria, California, which is considered the largest in the 
world, was planted in 1842 by a Spanish woman.* Beneath its spreading 
branches, which cover nearly half an acre, eight hundred persons could find 
protection from the sun’s heat. The first election in Santa Barbara County 
under American rule was held beneath its ripening fruit. This, also, is a 
Mission. In 1893 it bore eight tons of grapes; in 1895, over ten tons. 
The trunk of the vine is seven feet eight inches in circumference. 
Not until attention was given to the improving and cultivating of our 
native grapes did viticulture in the eastern part of the United States develop 
into an important industry. 
New Era Grape Culture. 
Mr. John Adlum is credited with being the first successful grape grower 
on the Atlantic Coast. In 1820 he planted a vineyard near Georgetown, 
District of Columbia, consisting mostly of native vines. With his introduc- 
tion of the Catawba into general cultivation began a new era in grape history. 
In 1825 he wrote to Nicholas Longworth, of Cincinnati, Ohio, as follows: 
“In bringing this grape into public notice, I have rendered my country 
greater service than I would have done had I paid the National debt.” 
Since its introduction, the Norton in 1835, the Delaware in 1850, the 
Concord in 1853, and many others have made their appearance, and grape 
culture has gradually increased and become general throughout the land. 
Such rapid progress! has been made that now there are several thousand 
improved American varieties. 
America not only gave to the world new fruits, in her native grapes, 
but our native species, being resistant to the Phylloxera vestatrix, ot root 
louse of the vine, also serve as grafting stocks on which to grow the non- 
resistant vinifera varieties, and through this feature has saved from destruc- 
tion the vineyards of the world. 
Beginnings of the Industry. 
Viticulture as an industry in the United States began a little 
prior to the middle of the nineteenth century. A start was then 
made' in manufacturing goods wines from American grapes on the 
Atlantic Coast, and choice vinifera varieties were introduced on the 
Pacific Coast. Since the industry began in this country our grape history 
has been a series of ups and downs, though it appears now to be getting 
on a more substantial footing. For instance, in some of the Eastern States, 
grape prices, in basket lots, have varied with years from three cents to 
three-fourths of a cent a pound, bulk grapes from $30 to $44 per ton. In Califor- 
nia, bulk grape prices have varied from $35 or $40 a ton to $6 per ton and 
*See plate, Santa Barbara grape vine. 
