THIRTY-THIRD BlENNIAI SESSION 1 29 
even less, and at times hogs have been turned into the vineyards to harvest 
the crop. 
Black rot, anthracnose, insect pests, etc., against which the vineyardists 
did not know how to cope, wrought havoc in the Eastern States, while in 
California, phylloxera, the California vine disease, and other agencies wiped 
out thousands of acres. Past experiences were such that many former 
enthusiasts quit grape culture; this is why some sections of the country 
formerly important grape sections are not so now. 
While these experiences have given sorrowful lessons to many, know- 
ledge has also been gained through them that would not have been obtained, 
in any other way. 
Viticulturists in the United States came mostly from two sources, namely: 
those born in this country, few of their antecedents having followed viticul- 
ture, they, therefore, having to pick it all up; or they are viticulturists from 
other countries, who, after coming here, find it more difficult to wean 
themselves from set notions and adapt themselves to new conditions than 
beginners do to learn the trade. 
Growth of the Industry. 
In 1850 this country did not produce 250,000 gallons of wine; 
in 1860 the product was over one and one-half million gallons, and 
all the states and territories except four were growing grapes. 
Since then the writer has personally supervised an establishment in which 
two and one-half to three million gallons of wine were annually made, the 
vineyard producing the grapes for it consisting of 5,000 acres. 
Rapid progress was made from 1860 to 1875, after which quite a decline 
occurred. According to the census from 1870 to 1890, the wine product of 
Missouri exceeded that of any other State excepting California. In 1890, 
California, New York, and Ohio, led in the order given; their combined 
output, as reported by the census, was 22,404,085 gallons of wine out of a 
total of 23,425,567 gallons for the United States. According to the census of 
1910, the more important States producing grapes ranked in the following 
order: California, New York, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Ohio, Missouri, 
Kansas, Illinois, Iowa, New Jerse3 7 ', Nebraska, North Carolina, Indiana, etc. 
The total output of grapes for the entire country in pounds was 2,522,912,000. 
The followingg figures in round numbers will serve to show the growth of 
the industry in this country: 
1901, 74, 000,000 pounds; 1912, 170,000,000 pounds, estimated, of raisins 
were cured. 
1901, 1,688,500 gallons; 1911, 7,240,500 gallons of grape brandy were 
produced. 
1901, 35,000,000 gallons; 1911, 61,5OO,OO0gallons of wine and unfermented 
juice were made. 
The general adaptability of the vinifera species and the many varia- 
tions of it, made possible its adjustment to the various climatic, soil, and 
other conditions of all the civilized countries of the old world. There being 
no other fruit so delicious that can be used for so many purposes, the grape 
has always and ever will be considered the Creator’s choicest gift in plant 
