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AMERICAN POMOEOGICAE SOCIETY 
zation would be about as low as may safely be figured on keeping it, the 
first pasteurization being at from one hundred and seventy-five to one 
hundred and eighty degrees, Fahr. Mr. Gore means to make a demonstra- 
tion this afternoon in which he is going to show how to make unfermented 
juice by the freezing process. 
Question: I have made some experiments in putting up rotimdifolia 
juice and if it is carried above one hundred and twenty-five degrees for 
a long time, say fifteen or twenty minutes, it loses the flavor very largely; 
but if you do not let it go above, it seems to retain that flavor, or more soy 
for a much longer time, and also there is less of the precipitation thrown 
down when you do not heat it. 
Mr. Husfmann: I would be glad to send you a 'copy of Farmers’ Bulletin 
175 on “The Manufacture of Unfermented Grape Juice,” if you drop me a 
card; that will show you the temperatures at which to make it. 
Mr. Henderson: In order to derive the best practical benefit from this, 
would it not be well some time during the meeting to get those people 
together who are especially interested in this and try to develop a scheme 
by which the unfermented grape juice industry could be promoted and in 
which the producer and the consumer could get closer together? 
President Goodman: I suppose we shall hear Mr. Gore this afternoon 
along this line. We must drop this now until Mr. Gore, of the Department, 
gives his paper. 
ELIMINATING UNPROFITABLE TREES FROM THE APPLE ORCHARD^ 
S. W. Fletcher. 
Not all orchards are profitable, and not all the trees in a profitable 
orchard pay for their keep. The following experience with an apple orchard 
in the Shenandoah Valley, Virginia, illustrates several phasies of this 
problem: 
This orchard had been badly neglected until just before it came into 
my possession, four years ago. Many of the trees were seriously weakened 
from the combined effect of lack of tillage, mid-summer defoliation by leaf 
diseases and root rot caused by woolly aphis and crown gall. Some trees 
were removed at once, and it was evident that others could not be expected 
to yield profitable crops for a number of years at least. There seemed to be 
no way of deciding which of these weak trees would be likely to justify 
the heavy expense of pruning, spraying, fertilizing and cultivating except by 
giving all an opportunity to respond to treatment, by keeping a record of 
the behavior of each tree. 
Keeping an Account with Each Tree. 
So the work of rejuvenation was begun by accounting with each tree, 
and for four years the orchard has had reasonably good cars. Each thee 
has been visited at least once a year, and its condition noted. This tree 
clinic is held in late August or early in September, when it becomes necessary 
