148 
AMERICAN POMOEOGICAE SOCIETY 
whether it be one bushel or a thousand, one bag or a carload. The fruit 
grower must make provision for marketing his product under much more 
difficult conditions, consequently his need of better business training. 
Now I would like to consider this under two or three general heads: 
First, general problems and probabilities; and, second, organization prob- 
lems. Under the head of general problems and probabilities I may say that 
Pennsylvania is well adapted to the fruit-growing industry. We have 
soils all over the state which will grow fruit well, not only Carlisle sand- 
stone and the red shales of the north, but many others. That goes with- 
out saying. But we have better adaptability to fruit growing than to other 
industries. We can engage in fruit growing with much more prospect of 
success than in hog raising. We can grow hogs, but at a disadvantage when 
compared with the corn belt farmer, while in fruit-growing we possess an 
advantage over that same farmer. 
Well, what as to probabilities beyond? What is to be the future of the 
fruit industry? We are all aware of the fact that farm products go in cycles 
of production; potatoes go up and down every two or three years; hogs cover 
a little longer period, and cattle a still longer one. Now it is just as true 
of apples, except that their period is longer. If we begin back somewhere 
about 1850 or 1854 we find that apples paid well for ten years, or up to 1864; 
then were high for the next ten years, to 1874; continued fairly good until 
1878; then began to decline, and reached the low-water mark about 1896 — 
since then prices have been rising. It takes a period of twenty to twenty-five 
years to reach high tide. I 1 have tried to make a chart (see cut), which will 
Chart exhibiting, by dotted Sines, the price per barrel of apples from 
1890 to 1913; the solid lino exhibits the production in barrels during the 
same period. — Card. 
show beginning in 1889 with a production of of 48,000,000 barrels, there is an in- 
crease up to 69,000,000 in 1896; and then, with the sort of reaction which we 
