THIRTY-THIRD BlENNIAB SESSION 
179 
year perhaps give you more for a four and one-half or for a four tier. Always 
you will find this ; Liverpool or Dublin will pay a certain price for a Certain 
size of apple but New York will pay more for either a smaller or larger apple 
than that. So that we are getting away, on the Coast, from grading ac- 
cording to size, and I look for the time to be not very far distant when the 
only place size will have with us at all will be that the fruit in a box must 
be all the same size, but will be according to a standard commercial 
grade, both domestic and foreign. And I feel that you will come to that — 
unless your market is different from the facts presented. 
Now as to grading machines, we are using a good many of them, 
and some of them are very fair grading machines. They have not reached 
perfection, although they have reduced the cost of our grading in some 
cases down to one cent a barrel; we used to pay fifteen cents a barrel. 
There is now a little hand one, something like the type of that machine 
mentioned. Some of our machines are pretty satisfactory, but we will have 
to change them considerably before they will suit us entirely. 
Mr. Roe: I am very much interested in what you men were just saying; 
and as for the western experiences it is equally true in regard to grading 
in the East. I was somewhat surprised to hear what Mr. Gossard said 
about small apples being of less value to the barrel than large ones are; 
that may be true in New York, but I want to say that in Maryland we 
usually sell our very small Winesaps for more than we can York Imperial 
and I have graded Stayman Winesaps into three sizes, all of them sized to 
and above the first-grade. The two and one-half inch apples, the three- 
inch apples and the three and one-half inch apples, were all boxed and all 
sold on the same market at the same price. But you can not always figure 
on the sizes; however, we have had approximately the same prices for all 
and usually the market will pay as much for the small as for the large, if 
all are equally good otherwise. 
Mr. Miller: We are a little interested in that grading machine. I am 
from West Virginia, and I would like to ask the gentleman from New York 
if he has ascertained the cost of grading apples by machinery and by hand? 
Our whole family has been In the apple business for fifty or sixty years. I 
have a brother who in 1910, I believe, handled one thousand barrels of apples 
a day for thirty days and he did nalt face them; just took them down from 
the trees and put them in barrels, put in the heads and put them in cold 
storage, and packed them afterward. A grader or a couple of graders I think 
would be a paying thing to grade apples in an orchard of that kind. And T 
would just like to know something about the cost and how many men one 
would need to have. 
Mr. Mann: We only graded a very few hours a day, and we only re- 
quired two or three hours a day ordinarily to grade the amount we picked 
during the day. 
President Goodman: I would like to ask Mr. Taber if tfTey ever have 
oranges in mixed lots, like apples, are in barrels 
Mr. Taber: There is uniformity of size; there has to be. The number 
of oranges in every box is plainly stenciled upon the end of the box. We 
could not get anything for oranges in any other way. 
