AMERICAN POMOEOGICAE SOCIETY 
2 34 
this field. I merely speak of that as an illustration of the way some of 
these things come about. 
I assure you it is an intense pleasure to me to be able to appear before 
this body to-day, to meet men and women who live upon the farm and who 
come here from the farm; and this country owes a great debt to the ones 
who have been upon the farm and are there now, not only in the matter of 
the production of products for the consumption of others, but because from 
the homes of the farm have come those men in the history of this country 
from the beginning who have by their physical force, their moral courage 
and mental power, whether at the bar, in commerce and trade, in legislative 
halls or on the field of battle, shed additional luster and influence upon 
American manhood and womanhood, and citizenship. So it is that I greet 
you here to-day proud of the honor to stand here and talk to you upon this 
subject. 
When I was a boy they used to tell me something about the farmer or 
the fruit grower putting the nice apples on the top of the barrel. Well, 
that impression lasted among the people for a great many years; but I sup- 
pose that it is gone now and that nothing of that kind occurs. 
When I talk on transportation matters, or on a subject of this particular 
kind, I find that it is almost impossible to confine myself strictly and 
logically to the point I have in mind. Consequently I have prepared a pa- 
per covering the points which I desire to discuss here, and will take but a 
few minutes to produce that. I want to follow just briefly for a moment 
the philosophy of the construction of rates and their application. 
When a manufacturing institution or a producing plant or a distribut- 
ing agency is to be located, one of the first and prime considerations con- 
trolling the location is that of freight rates. If it is a manufactory or a 
producing plant, there are ordinarily two rates to be taken into account. 
First, if the plant is to be placed distant from the sources of the raw ma- 
terial, the rate on this raw material is to be considered as well as that 
from the point of manufacture to the market. Then if the plant is to be 
placed distant from the raw material, two questions arise; first, what is 
the rate on this raw material to the point of manufacture, and what on the 
manufactured material to the market; and if there are two or more raw ma- 
terials, each one should be rated to the point of manufacture. Into every 
such proposition the determination of the rate question not only enters, but 
in the great majority of cases it is the determining and controlling factor. 
No business enterprise, either in the line of manufacture or distribution is 
established in these days of fierce commercial competition without a careful 
study of freight rates and classifications from every possible angle; for in 
my own line of business the difference in freight rates alone makes the dif- 
ference between success or failure, or secures an exact measure of profit. 
Now I want to call your attention briefly to some matters which are of 
particular interest to you in this producing section in which I am also in- 
terested in with you, and the production of apples for this market is in- 
volved in that. I have been studying this section of the country for this 
business, and find that the advantages of soil, climate, transportation facili- 
ties and markets are particularly good with reference to both production 
