On the Seedling Structure of Gymnosperms. II. 
BY 
T. G. HILL, A.R.C.S., F.L.S., 
University of London ; University and Goldsmiths ’ Colleges ; 
AND 
E. de FRA IN E, B.Sc., F.L.S., 
University of London ; Goldsmiths ' 1 College. 
With Plate XV and eleven Figures in the Text. 
ABIETINEAE ( continued ). 
M ANY investigators have recorded various observations on the seed- 
lings of this group of the Gymnosperms. Lestiboudois 1 drew 
attention to the fact that the number of cotyledons is often double the 
number of the bundles of the root, e. g. Pinus Pinect , &c. ; further, he 
pointed out that this is not at all constant even in the same species ; for, 
while some of the vascular strands of the root may give rise only to one 
cotyledonary trace, others may give rise to more than one. 
Duchartre 2 described the occurrence of polycotyledony in the Abietineae 
and certain Cupressineae, and remarked upon the rarity of the phenomenon 
in Juniper ns, Thuja , and Cupressus. He also observed the inconstancy of 
the number of seed-leaves in these polycotyledonous plants, and the lack of 
a direct relation between the number of bundles coming in from the 
cotyledons. 
Van Tieghem 3 and Strasburger 4 cite examples of species of Pinus and 
other Gymnosperms which show this same variation both as regards the 
number of seed-leaves and the relations of their bundles to the primary root- 
structure. 
De Bary 6 gave a brief general description of the bundle system of the 
seedlings, with a few details of the transition phenomena. Dangeard G 
1 Lestiboudois : Phyllotaxis anatomique (Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., ser. 3, t. x, 1848). 
2 Duchartre : Memoire sur les embryons qui ont ete decrits comme polycotylds, Id. 1848. 
3 Van Tieghem : Sur la symetrie de structure des plantes vasculaires (Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., 
ser. 3, t. xiii, 1870-1). 
4 Strasburger: Die Coniferen und die Gnetaceen (Jena, 1872). 
5 De Bary : Comparative Anatomy of the Phanerogams and Ferns (Oxford, 1884). 
6 Dangeard : La mode d’union de la tige et de la racine chez les Gymnospermes. Compt. Rend,, 
Feb. 1890. 
[Annals of Botany, Vol. XXIII. No. XC. April, 1909.] 
