Seedling Structure of Gymnosperms. II. 2 1 1 
with g and the other portion joining with a small plumular trace (//. t). 
The two compound bundles thus formed (Diagram 8, Fig. 3,^ + \ a , and 
pi. t + \ a) behave as half-cotyledons and form one pole of the root. The 
fusion between the half portion of a and g is very intimate, which makes 
the allocation of values rather difficult. It is simpler to consider a as the 
strand of a whole-cotyledon, and^* as that of a subsidiary seed-leaf. The 
bundles d, e, and / all converge ; e then bifurcates, one-half joining up with 
d and the other part fusing with /(Diagram 8, Fig. 2). The protoxylem 
of e is left in situ (Diagram 8, Fig. 3) for a time, but at a lower level it 
passes over to one side. Here, again, the fusion of the two parts of e with 
the strands d and f is very complete, and the combined protoxylems of the 
compound bundles, d + and /+ %e, rotate to form the remaining pole 
of the root (Diagram 8, Fig. 4). 
In all the foregoing plants no difficulty has been encountered in deter- 
mining whether any particular strand is the bundle of a whole-cotyledon, or of 
a half-cotyledon, or of a subsidiary seed-leaf ; in the case of a whole-coty- 
ledon the bifurcation and rotation of the two xylem masses is generally 
very strongly marked, but in this particular seedling the strands a and e 
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