Affinities of British Ttiberaceae . 255 
Pachyphloeus, Tul., Giorn. Bot. Ital., ii, p. 69 (1844) ; Cooke, Brit. Fung., 
p. 743 (1871); Sacc., Syll., viii, p. 881 (1889). 
Ascophore fleshy, often waited, with a more or less well-defined apical aperture, 
base distinct. Gleba marbled, dissepiments tortuous. Asa oblong or ovate- 
oblong, 8-spored. Spores globose, coloured, waited (in British species, irregularly 
2-seriate). 
Distinguished by the ascophore having a terminal aperture, and the coloured, 
warted spores arranged in an irregularly biseriate manner in the ascus. In certain 
exotic species the epispore is reticulated or echinulate. 
Pachyphloeus melanoxanthus, Tul., Giorn. Bot. Ital., ii, p. 69 (1844); Tul., 
Hypog., pi. 4, fig. 6, and pi. 14, fig. 4( 1851); Cooke, Brit. Fung., p. 743 (1871). 
Choiromyces melanoxanthus , Berk., Ann. Nat. Hist., xiii, p. 359 (1844). 
Ascophore globose or angularly globose, warted, with a distinct base, yellowish- 
green becoming black, opening apical or somewhat lateral, 1*5-4 cm. diam. Gleba 
olive-yellow sometimes becoming dusky, marbled with dusky lines and broad, black 
dissepiments. Aset oblong or ovate-oblong, shortly stipitate, 8-spored. Spores 
irregularly 2-seriate, coloured, globose, warted, 14-17 ^ diam. 
The warts on the ascophore are less prominent when the fungus is dry. Smell 
weak when young, becoming strong and nauseous. Berkeley states that in his 
specimens the ascophore was black in every stage of growth. 
Hab. Among humus in oak or beech woods. Sometimes attached to sticks or 
dead leaves, without any connexion with the ground. 
Distr. Britain ; France ; Germany. 
Specimen in Herb. Kew., from Tulasne, examined. 
Pachyphloeus citrinus, Berk, and Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., xviii, p. 79 (1846); 
Cooke, Brit. Fung., p. 744 (1871); Sacc., Syll., viii, p. 881 (1889). 
Ascophore subglobose, minutely warted, brown, powdered with lemon-coloured 
particles, apical orifice deep lemon-yellow, base rooting, 1-2*5 cm * diam. Gleba 
floccose, lemon-yellow. Aset narrowly ovate-oblong, 8-spored. Spores globose, 
coloured, finely warted, irregularly 2-seriate, 13-14 /x diam. 
Allied to P. melanoxanthus , Tul., differing in the thinner, much more finely 
warted ascophore, which is of a uniform gamboge yellow when young, also in the 
smaller and more finely warted spores. Smell strong, resembling rotting seaweed. 
Saccardo says the spores are ‘ reticulato-alveolatis ’, this is a mistake. Berkeley 
in his diagnosis does not mention the markings on the spores. 
Type specimen in the Kew herbarium examined. 
Hab. Underground in woods. 
Distr. Britain. 
Pachyphloeus conglomeratus, Berk, and Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., xviii, p. 79 
(1844); Tub, Hypog., p. 132 (1851); Sacc., Syll., viii, p. 882 (1889). 
Ascophore irregularly lobed and plicate, as if composed of several confluent 
individuals, lobes rounded, smooth, deep rufous-brown or olive-brown, interstices of 
the lobes clothed with yellow fibres, 2-3 cm. diameter. Aset broadly ovate-oblong, 
8-spored. Spores coloured, globose, with rather large, somewhat distant warts, 
16-19 fi diam., irregularly 2-seriate. 
