340 
Azotes. 
1 Mr. W. Evans, F.R.S.E., has identified the micro-crustacea which were collected 
in the water in which ’this plant is growing, as Pionocypris vidua — (Ostracoda), Chy - 
dorus sphaericus — (Cladocera), Cyclops viridis — (Copepoda) and Cyclops serratulus — 
(Copepoda). 
‘Plants from seed which germinated in 1906 began to show signs of flowering in 
March, 1907, and the first flower opened on April 27. The inflorescences were from 
six to seven inches in length, each bearing two to three small yellow flowers. 
‘ After fertilization the inflorescence bends down to the water, the peduncles of the 
fertilized flowers twist and enable the ovary to be submerged. Each flower in turn, 
after being fertilized, bends down in the same way until all the flowers of the inflores- 
cence are submerged. The seed soon ripens and can be seen through the trans- 
parent capsule. The placenta then absorbing water begins to swell and becomes 
mucilaginous ; it bursts the capsule and allows the seed to float out into the water, 
when it is then ready for germination.’ 
My own study of the germination has shown me that the oval discoid protocorm 
(which has a pale green colour) of Utricularia emarginata produces at one end a couple 
of subulate outgrowths which rapidly develop and reach a length ultimately of twice 
that of the body of the protocorm. Between these outgrowths two watershoots are 
formed in succession; one of them grows more quickly than the other, and becomes 
the chief watershoot having circinate ptyxis, showing successively forked branchings, 
and bearing linear lateral appendages (‘ leaves’ of authors). The first bladder arises 
on this shoot in a superaxillary position to the first formed of these appendages. The 
younger shoot also elongates, though much more slowly, and in its turn branches and 
produces lateral appendages and bladders. Gluck, 1 who has himself made no 
observations upon the germination, arranges the species of Utricularia , of which the 
features of germination are known, in three groups : — 
1 . That of U. vulgaris , U. oligospernia , U. reniformis : — With many primary 
leaves. 
2. That of U. exoleta : — With two primary leaves. 
3. That of U. bifida , U. lateriflora , U. montana : — Without primary leaves . 
Whether these are definite types and cover all the forms is a matter for future 
investigation to decide. Utricularia emarginata apparently falls into the second of 
Gluck’s categories. 
My paper dealing in detail with the life-history of Utricularia emarginata will 
appear soon, and in it will be given illustrations of the various stages of development, 
as well as the results of experiments in cultivation. This note may call attention 
meanwhile to this easily-grown plant as an object for demonstrations. In the 
laboratory, seedlings grow vigorously in a jar of water stood on top of a jacketted 
embedding oven. 
BERTHA CHANDLER. 
Edinburgh. 
1 Gliick, Biologische u. morphologische Untersuchungen iiber Wasser- und Sumpfgewachse. 
Teil II, Jena, 1906. 
