403 
the Ascocarp in Ascophamis car nen s , Pers. 
(usually lack of food material, or presence of sugar *) certain rows of cells 
in the vegetative mycelium are differentiated as Chlamydospore-rows, and 
that in these cases the pores are closed by the granules, which then become 
surrounded by a common envelope of lightly-staining material closely 
pressed to the pore. 
The granules form a similar pad in certain unfavourable germinations 
in which the protoplasm retreats from the germ-tube into the spore, and the 
contents are closed off from the empty cells. 
A similar phenomenon is to be seen in the ascogonium ; this will be 
considered more in detail when that organ is being described. 
The nuclei in the vegetative hyphae are very small, and are differen- 
tiated with great difficulty. They showed signs of a chromatic network and 
appear to divide karyokinetically, but no details of the process were made 
out owing to the minuteness of the objects. 
Development of the Apothecium. 
Grosser Morphology . The archicarp (Fig. i) arises as a branch of 
a vegetative hypha. It resembles in shape the organ described by Woronin 
as a scolecite, and in its young condition the cells composing it are very 
similar in appearance. As it develops further, however, three fairly definitely 
marked regions can be distinguished— a basal vegetative part, a central 
ascogonial, and a terminal vegetative. In some cases this last seems to be 
absent, but, as this point was determined in the case of ascogonia which 
were already covered in, it may be that this portion was present in all cases, 
though at this period unrecognizable in some fruits. The basal vegetative 
part of the archicarp and the surrounding mycelium send up numerous 
hyphal branches which quickly envelop the young ascogonium. Each 
fruit contains, therefore, only one ascogonium. 
No trace of an antheridium or of any other kind of male organ was 
found. 
Sometimes the archicarp seems to arise in a dense tangle of ‘ chlamydo- 
spore-rows *, suggesting a comparison with Miss Welsford’s description of 
the beginnings of the archicarp of Ascobolus (27). 
In Ascophcmus carxieus the number of cells in each of the three above- 
mentioned portions of the archicarp varies greatly. The basal part may be 
composed of from three to about a dozen cells ; the precise number, how- 
ever, can seldom be determined owing to the early degeneration of the cells 
nearest the parent hypha. These cells are used in contributing towards the 
formation of enveloping branches for the fruit. Another point which some- 
times makes the determination difficult, is the fact that in many cases the 
ascogonial portion is not marked off from the basal portion until late in the 
development. 
1 See Miss Ternetz’s paper (26). 
