442 
Hill and de Fraine . — On the 
Brief mention may also be made of an abnormality occurring in 
this aberrant example of M. spiralis. In the cortex of the hypocotyl, at 
about the level of the transition region, there obtained a short spindle- 
shaped vascular strand which, throughout its course, was entirely isolated 
and unconnected with the rest of the vascular tissue. It consisted of 
a central core of short tracheides, about sixteen in number at the broadest 
part, and surrounded by a zone of cambium and cambiform cells. Sieve- 
tubes were absent, and what few immature xylem elements were present 
were developed centrifugally from the centre of the bundle. This probably 
represents an early commencement of the anomalous cortical strands which 
are a characteristic feature of the root of certain other Cycads, Cycas revoluta 
for example. Worsdell 3 comments on the absence of cortical strands on 
vascular tissue in the stem of M. spiralis , although they are present in 
M. Fraseri . 
Stangeria. 
Stangeria sp. 
The seedlings of S.paradoxa have been investigated by Worsdell 2 and 
Matte, 3 both of whom illustrate and describe the external appearance and 
enter into a detailed description of their anatomy: more especially the 
latter author, who gives some information regarding the transition-region 
which Worsdell did not deal with. 
The seedlings are illustrated in Figs. 5-7, PI. XXX. Fig. 5 represents 
quite a young seedling in which the plumule is breaking through the coty- 
ledons ; Fig. 6 illustrates an older seedling in which the plumule is more 
conspicuous and the primary root dichotomously branched ; and Fig. 7 is 
that of a still older example in which the seed had dropped off and the 
cotyledons decayed. Of these the seedling represented in Fig. 6 is of some 
interest ; Prof. Pearson informs us that this bifurcation of the tap-root is not 
of unusual occurrence, and both Worsdell and Matte have recorded that 
dichotomous branching of the lateral roots obtain in Macrozamia spiralis 
and Ceratozamia mexicana, respectively. 
The morphology and structure of the cotyledons does not differ in any 
important feature from that of Macrozamia ; the cotyledons, however, do 
not appear to fuse so completely by their ventral faces, judging from the 
material at our disposal ; secretory cells are much less abundant and muci- 
lage ducts apparently are absent ; finally, although the bundles have more 
centripetal wood than centrifugal, the relative amount of the former is 
perhaps not so much, in all cases, as in Macrozamia. 
As regards the number of vascular bundles in each seed-leaf there is 
much variation. Worsdell 4 states that ‘ each cotyledon has, in its upper 
1 loc. cit. 3 loc. cit. 
3 Matte : Sur le developpement morphologique et anatomique des germinations des Cycadacees. 
4 loc. cit. 
