49 S Digby. — Observations on ‘ Chromatin Bodies' and their 
Balbiani (1) in 1864 noticed the vacuolated nucleoli in the ova of 
Geophilus longicornis which he believed functioned as excretory organs. 
Since then many writers have confirmed Balbiani’s views. 
Tangl (16) has described vacuolated nucleoli in the pollen mother-cells 
of Hemerocallis fidva. These bud off small colourless nucleoli, which pass 
out into the cytoplasm where they are reabsorbed. 
Scharfif (13) found ‘ a small nucleolus being constricted off from a large 
one 5 in the intra-ovarian ovum of Conger vidgaris. In the ovum of Gadas 
virens he figured 4 spots 5 in the cytoplasm, which he thought might possibly 
be ‘ escaping nucleoli which have travelled through the nuclear membrane 
into the surrounding protoplasm \ In Trigla gurnardus protuberances 
appear on the nucleus, and into these fragments of nucleolus are drawn. 
The protuberances separate from the nucleus and appear as vesicles. They 
travel towards the surface of the egg. The vesicles with their nucleolar 
contents are the yolk-spherules. 
Miss Nicholls ( 10 ) in Sarracenia has figured granules in connexion 
with the nucleolus, and mentions that the nucleolus, after synapsis, is 
vacuolated. 
Cardiff (3), in Acer platanoides , found that a small papilla often projects 
at the point of contact of the linin thread with the nucleolus. 4 In some 
preparations this nucleolar papilla looked like one of the vacuoles escaping/ 
Wilson ( 21 ), in the spore mother-cells of Mnium hornum , has described 
the presence of a small deeply staining rounded body in the nucleus, in 
addition to the nucleolus. i A careful examination leads to the conclusion 
that this body arises from the nucleolus by a process of budding/ 
In 1891 Brauer ( 2 ), in the course of his work on Hydra , found that 
the large nucleolus budded off small portions which tended to group 
themselves round the large one. 
Recently Walker and Embleton (18) have investigated Hydra fusca, 
and have shown that nucleolar budding takes place in the resting cells 
both of the ectoderm and endoderm. The buds pass out of the nucleus, 
and eventually disintegrate in the cytoplasm. They may remain joined 
to the nucleus by a membranous process for a considerable period. 
Page May and Walker (11) have found in the nerve cells of some 
mammals that an excrescence is formed on the nucleolus. This separates 
and grows until nucleolus and excrescence are indistinguishable. Then 
one of these two nucleoli passes out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm and 
wanders to the periphery of the cell. It may pass bodily through the 
surface membrane, and be set free among the surrounding cells. In 
other cases the nucleolus lies on the inside of the surface membrane of the 
nerve cell, and 4 here the substance of the nucleolus seems to pass piece- 
meal through several small openings, and to be absorbed into the cyto- 
plasm of the neighbouring ceir. 
