630 Benson and Welsford . — The Morphology of the Ovule and 
tome series. E. M. Kershaw 1 appears to have overlooked the sections in 
the planes of Text-fig. V. 1-3, which show clearly that the placental 
supply comes from the carpellary leaf-trace and is not a direct continuation 
upwards of the stem stele. Each carpel receives a triple leaf-trace but each 
bracteole only one, Text-fig. V. 2, 3. The two lateral veins of the posterior 
carpel abort, while those of the anterior carpel are well developed and 
converge to form the placental supply. We thus regard the ovule as 
appendicular. The subsequent intercalary development of the outer walls 
of the ovary above the placenta gives rise to the appearance of basal origin 
in the ovule and lifts up the two bracteoles like wings. 
Carpinus Betulus. 
Here the right-hand margin of one carpel supplies the strand for one 
ovule and the left-hand margin of the other carpel the other ovule. These 
Text-Fig. VI. 1 and 2. Carpinus Belulus. Two diagrams from transverse sections of the female 
flower. 1 shows the four distichously arranged perianth leaves now free. 2 shows them united with 
ovary. The dorsal bundles of the two carpels are very small. Here may be seen the bundles 
of the outer integuments, ib. 
d — dorsal bundles of carpel, ib — integumentary bundle, p — packing tissue, pb = perianth 
bundles, i) = ventral bundle of carpel or placental bundle. 
two strands run together up the placenta, which is developed basipetally, 
and separate to pass to their respective ovules in the upper region of the 
two loculi. The subtending bract and two bracteoles are coherent together 
to form the familiar wing of the fruit, but this is only slightly adherent to 
the flower. The perianth receives its vascular supply from the axis below 
1 E. M. Kershaw, loc. cit., p. 355. 
