Female Flower of Jug Ians regia and a few allied Genera. 633 
unterstandige Fruchtknoten durch Anwachsen der Bliithenhulle ent- 
standen ist.’ 
In the genera under consideration in this paper we find no trace of 
that form of epigyny which is brought about by the concavity of the axis 
and sinking and inclusion of the ovary within it. The female flower of 
Morns bears a striking resemblance to that of Jug Ians , and the Urticales as 
a whole are brought more into line with the Amentiferae if this fact is borne 
in mind. The coalescence of the floral leaves is found more or less in such 
relatively unspecialized families as Nymphaeaceae and Calycanthaceae and 
hence the so-called epigyny of the Amentiferae need not be regarded as an 
advanced character. In describing such flowers it would be preferable to 
avoid the use of the term epigynous. 
II. The Ovule in Anglo sperms. 
(a) The ovule is appendicidar. The present investigation explains some of 
the more difficult cases. Eichler 1 came to the same conclusion, and adds : — 
i Treten mehrere Fruchtblatter zu einem Ovar zusammen, so kann diese 
Verarmung noch weiter gehen, bis zu dem Extrem, dass von sammtlichen 
Carpellen des Ovars nur ein einziges fruchtbar ist und bloss ein einziges 
Ovulum entwickelt. Je nachdem dies nun hoher oder tiefer an der betref- 
fenden Carpellsutur entspringt, erscheint es bald in halber Hohe, bald im 
Grunde desselben, im letztern Falle oft so tief, dass es den Gipfel der 
Bliithenaxe zu bilden scheint.’ 
(b) The ovide is phylogenetically provided with a dual integument. 
This appears very probable from the investigations of Payer. Such cases 
as Carpinus afford an interesting link between the less specialized Cupuli- 
ferae and the Juglandaceae and Myricaceae which in the reduction of their 
floral organs seem in advanec of both former families. 
(< c ) Vascidar supply of the ovule. We have shown that there are several 
cases showing a vascular supply similar to that described for Myrica Gale by 
E. M. Kershaw . 2 There is no adequate reason to doubt that a wider 
investigation would reveal numerous instances. 
We do not as yet know of a case among Angiosperms with a double 
vascular supply such as is familiar to us in Lagenostoma Lomaxii. 
E. M. Kershaw compares the vascular supply of the ovule of Myrica 
Gale with the outer series of vascular strands in the ovule Trigonocarpon. 
There is still some doubt as to the homologies of the complicated integu- 
ment of the latter. It might therefore be preferable to compare the 
vascular supply of the outer integument of Carpinus and Morus (and hence 
probably that of Myrica Gale) with the vascular supply of the outer integu- 
ment or ‘ cupule ’ of Lagenostoma Lomaxii which is far better understood. 
1 Eichler, Bluthendiagramme, vol. ii, p. xvi. 
2 E. M. Kershaw, loc. cit., p. 357. 
