Lewis.— The Life History of Griffithsia Bornetianci. 657 
more than one. As the procarp develops, the number of nuclei increases 
by mitosis, until in the cells of the mature procarp the nuclei become 
quite numerous. The average numbers are about as follows : basal cell, 50 ; 
central cell, 45 ; peripheral cells, 8-30 ; each sterile cell, 4. 
The cytoplasm in the cells of the young procarp is homogonous and 
rather dense. A vacuole of considerable size occupies the centre of the 
basal cell and of the central cell. No chromatophores or leucoplasts have 
been seen in the cells of the procarp, though chromatophores are developed 
in the cells of the cystocarp. 
It sometimes happens that after the first three cells of the procarp are 
formed the procarpic branch becomes metamorphosed into a vegetative 
shoot of the usual type, but distinguishable from other vegetative shoots by 
the fact that the cell at its base remains broad and flat, retaining the 
appearance of a basal cell of a procarp (Fig. 72). In such cases the first 
peripheral cell, which is really a terminal cell, functions as an apical cell of 
a vegetative branch. 
From the second or third peripheral cell the carpogenic branch is 
formed laterally. The peripheral cell from which the carpogenic branch 
is produced is the ‘ supporting cell ’ of Miss Smith, and is equivalent to the 
c auxiliary cell 5 of Hassencamp ( 40 ). In this account I shall adopt the 
term auxiliary cell. 1 From it a small uninucleate cell is produced laterally, 
which is the basal cell of the carpogenic branch. This cuts off a terminal 
cell, which in turn divides (Fig. 71). The upper of the three cells so formed 
divides again, thus forming a carpogenic branch of four cells (Fig. 73). The 
carpogenic branch is bent at right angles in such a way that the terminal 
cell, from which the carpogonium and trichogyne are formed, is usually in 
contact with the auxiliary cell. Each cell of the carpogenic branch is at 
first uninucleate. From the free border of the terminal cell the trichogyne 
is produced as a club-shaped projection (Figs. 73, 74). Whether a division 
of the nucleus of the carpogonium accompanies the formation of the 
trichogyne, as has been found to be the case in Batr achospermum (Davis, 
22 ), Nemalion (Wolfe, 90 ), and Polysiphonia (Yamanouchi, 93 ), has not 
been determined. The trichogyne increases in length, becoming 35-40 /x 
long, and becomes quite slender, with a diameter of about 1 In the 
mature trichogyne several granules, which stain like chromatin, are to be 
observed (Fig. 78a). 
The mature trichogyne is straight or somewhat curved and sometimes, 
though not always, slightly swollen at the free end. 
Before and during the formation of the carpogenic branch, noteworthy 
changes take place in the auxiliary cell. The cytoplasm becomes denser 
and the nucleus nearest the centre of the cell increases very greatly in size. 
1 The terminology used in the present account of the procarp and cystocarp is essentially that 
employed by Miss Smith, with the exception noted. 
