Evans . — Branching in the Leafy Hepaticae . 13 
The first leaf is almost transversely inserted and is much more symmetrical 
than the other leaves, the apical sinus being deeper and the lobes tending 
to be more acute. The other leaves and underleaves of the branch are not 
specialized. 
Plagiochila. — The leaves in this genus are undivided, so that it stands 
in sharp contrast to the genera so far considered. Branching of the 
Frmmnia type is apparently restricted to species in which the secondary 
shoots are copiously subdivided and give rise to complex branch-systems. 
As an example P. frondescens , a widely distributed palaeotropic species, 
may be cited. The leaves in this plant (Fig. 16) usually show about half 
a dozen sharp teeth at the apex and along the ventral margin. They are 
attached by an oblique line which becomes abruptly arched at the ventral 
end. The underleaves consist of clusters of minute cilia bearing hyaline 
papillae. The incomplete leaf adjacent to a branch occupies the same 
position as in Lophocolea and Harpanthus Flotowiamis ; it is somewhat 
narrower than the other leaves, but is much like them in other respects and 
is attached by a line of the same type. The first underleaf of the branch 
is slightly displaced towards the basiscopic side (with respect to the branching 
axis), but shows no other modifications. The first leaf is more or less 
reduced in size, being sometimes very small indeed. In the example 
figured it appears as a lanceolate, entire lamina, but it is subject to variation 
and is often toothed. The succeeding branch-leaves are essentially like 
other leaves. 
In the genus Chiloscy phns , as recently restricted by Schiffner (TO), 
branches of the Frullania type are not infrequent. They agree closely with 
those just described for Plagiochila frondescens and, like them, are usually 
associated with leaves which are undivided at maturity. Miiller, however, 
refers these branches to the Radida type (’ 06 -Tl, p. 818). 
Lophozia. — With the exception of subfloral innovations branches are 
difficult to demonstrate in most species of Lophozia. Terminal branches of 
the Frullania type, however, have been recognized in L. inflata and L. 
acutiloba , two species which Muller (’ 06 -Tl, p. 738) separates from Lophozia , 
reviving for them the old generic name Gymnocolea. Muller (p. 675) has 
also noted the exceptional occurrence of such branches in L. longiflora , var. 
idiginosa , and in L. Wenzelii, while the writer has been able to demonstrate 
them in several other members of the genus, some belonging to the subgenus 
Dilophozia and some to the subgenus Barbilophozia . As an example of 
Dilophozia , , L. Wenzelii, an alpine and arctic species of Europe, Asia, and 
North America, will be described. The leaves are distinctly succubous and 
have a shallow apical sinus with broad and bluntly pointed lobes. The line 
of attachment is long and oblique and the leaves are normally plane or 
nearly so. Underleaves are represented by minute hair-like structures 
tipped with hyaline papillae and are usually short-lived and difficult to 
