14 Evans. — Branching in the Leafy Hepaticae. 
demonstrate. Fig. 17 shows a branch of the typical Frullania type. It 
will be noted that the leaf belonging to the same segment as the branch 
is similar to the other leaves, but is undivided, and that the line of attach- 
ment comes to an end at some little distance from the base of the branch. 
The first underleaf is a distinct though small lamella, and the first leaf of 
the branch differs from normal leaves in being somewhat complicate. The 
modifications are comparable with those seen in H arpanthus Flotowianus , 
although there is no marked coalescence between the branch and the axis. 
In Fig. 18 an interesting variation is shown, in which the incomplete 
leaf is attached by a line which seems to be prolonged as far as the first 
underleaf of the branch. The part adjacent to the underleaf corresponds 
Figs, 17 and 18. Lophozia Wenzelii. Near Hallen (Jemtland), Sweden (H. W. Arnell and 
A. Grape, in Hep. Eur. Exsic., No. 172). x 17. 
to a sharp lobe-like tooth, which is united to the leaf at its ventral base. 
This tooth might perhaps be considered the first underleaf of the branch ; 
it might be considered an accessory lobe of the incomplete leaf ; it might 
be considered an appendage of the first segment of the branch, borne in 
addition to the first underleaf and similar to the appendages described by 
Leitgeb in Frulla 7 iia . The first interpretation is hardly permissible, 
because a minute underleaf very much like the one shown in Fig. 17 is 
visible at the base of the tooth ; there are also objections to the second 
interpretation on account of the long line of attachment ; the third inter- 
pretation, however, seems to accord well with the conditions present. An 
examination of Fig. 5 shows that the first segment of the branch and the 
dorsal segment-half are adjacent, so that a coalescence between the 
