1 6 E vans. — Branching in the Leafy Hepaticae. 
described in L. Wenzelii. The examples just considered thus form 
a kind of series with respect to the structures at the base of a branch. 
In Fig. 17 of L. Wenzelii the first ventral segment of the branch has formed 
simply the first underleaf; in Fig. 18 of the same species it has formed 
in addition a small appendage coalescent with the incomplete leaf ; in 
Z. Floerkei the appendage is much larger and the coalescence is less 
extensive ; in Z. attenuata the appendage is also large, but is entirely free 
from the leaf. In all probability an extensive study of the species here 
considered and allied species would show more or less variation in the 
structures described. 
The branches in Z. inflata and Z. actitiloba offer a few further points 
of interest. Z. inflata is one of the most widely distributed and variable 
Fig. 21. Lopliozia inflata. Riesengebirge, Fig. 22. Lophozia inflata. Same material 
Bohemia (V. Schiffner and E. Bauer, Bryoth. as Fig. 21. x 17. 
Bohem., No. 294). x 17. 
species in northern Europe, Asia, and North America ; the closely related 
Z. acutiloba , on the other hand, is known from only a few European localities. 
Schiffner (’03, p. 28) states that in Z. inflata the leaf developing from the 
same segment as a branch is undivided, thus differing from the normal 
two-lobed leaves, and he also makes similar statements about Z. acutiloba 
(’09). In Fig. 21, which represents a robust aquatic form of Z. inflata , the 
conditions described by Schiffner are clearly shown. The normal leaves 
are here somewhat more explanate than in some of the other forms of the 
species ; they show a long oblique line of attachment and two rounded 
lobes separated by an obtuse sinus. The incomplete leaf is at some little 
distance below the branch ; it is attached by a shorter line and is merely 
rounded at the apex. The leaves of the branch are essentially normal 
