i8o 
Hill and de Fraine . — On the 
Saponaria Vaccaria, L. (Fig. i, a), shows a few points of difference 
when compared with 5. cerastoides. S. Vaccaria has much larger seed- 
leaves and a well-marked cotyledonary tube ; also the petioles of the 
cotyledons each have three bundles, a main central one with a lateral 
on each side, which do not fuse until just above the cotyledonary node. 
Although the transition takes place as in Gypsophila and Dianthus bar- 
batus, it is inaugurated at a lower level, namely at the base of the cotyle- 
donary tube. 
Saponaria vulgaris is practically identical with 5. Vaccaria as regards 
the phenomena under discussion ; the vascular changes, however, are 
initiated at a slightly higher level than in 5. Vac- 
caria. 
Dangeard 1 has pointed out the similarity in the 
essentials of the seedling anatomy of Saponaria , 
A triplex, Chenopodium , Kochi a, Salsola, Basella , and 
Rivinia ; and so far as our observations overlap we 
are in agreement with him. 
Tunica prolifera , Scop., does not differ in any im- 
portant feature from Gypsophila Saxifraga. One 
example recalled Silene pendula in the fact that the 
strand of one cotyledon bifurcated and then closed up 
at a slightly lower level. 
The diarch root-structure is arrived at in a very 
short vertical distance. 
A LSINOIDEA E. 
Fig. i. a. Saponaria Cerastium perfoliatum , L. The transition phe- 
toMes™ Naturalized" nomena are practically identical with those of Dianthus 
barbatus ; there is, however, in C. perfoliatum no 
cotyledonary tube, and the separation of the phloem-masses of the bifurcated 
seed-leaf-traces is more marked. 
Stellaria graminea , L. , also closely resembles Dianthus barbatus. 
Unlike Cerastium perfoliatum, S. graminea has a short cotyledonary tube. 
Spergularia salina , J. et C. Presl., 2 does not differ in any essential 
feature from Dianthus barbatus , the chief point of dissimilarity being in the 
fact that in .S. salina the vascular rearrangements start at a higher level and 
the cotyledonary bundles enter the axis in a more advanced state of division 
and rotation. 
Spergula arvensis , L., has a larger seedling than Spergtdaria salina > 
and its vascular rearrangements recall those of Calandrinia Menziesii ; thus, 
1 Dangeard : Recherches sur le mode d’union de la tige et de la racine chez les Dicotyledones. 
Le Botaniste, i, 1889. 2 This may possibly be S. rubra , J. et C. Presl. 
