Seedling Structure of certain Centrospermae . 1 8 1 
unlike Spergutaria salina , the central bundle of each cotyledon bifurcates 
before the lateral strands have effected a junction with it, and this beginning 
of the transition phenomena takes place high up in the seed-leaf. 
Polycarpon tetraphyllum , L., closely resembles Spergula arvensis. 
A cotyledonary tube is formed. 
Corrigiola litoralis , L. The seed-leaves do not form a tube at their 
base. The resemblance to Spergula arvensis is very close, 
AMARANTACEAE. 
AMARANTOIDEAE. 
Celosia cristata , L., C. plumosa^ ?, and C. spicata , Spreng. The tran- 
sition phenomena in these three seedlings are almost identical with those of 
Calandrinia grandiflora . The bifurcation of the central cotyledonary 
strand takes place at the top of the petiole or even in the base of the foliar 
part of the seed-leaf, and the so-formed ‘ double bundle \ in its passage 
towards the cotyledonary node, is accompanied by two lateral strands which 
fuse on to the divided central bundle at a level a little above the insertion 
of the seed-leaves which do not form a tube. 
One example of C. spicata had three cotyledons, of which one was 
markedly larger than the other two. The central bundle of this large 
seed-leaf was more massive than that of the others, and the corresponding 
pole of the root was similarly much stronger. The triarch root-structure 
was arrived at in exactly the same way as the diarch arrangement in normal 
dicotyledonous specimens. 
Amaranthus caudatus , L. The vascular re-arrangements closely re- 
semble those of Celosia . The central cotyledonary strands bifurcate in the 
blades of the seed-leaves and the protoxylems are fully exarch at the 
cotyledonary node. Also, as in Celosia , the lateral strands join on to the 
median bundle at a level just above the insertion of the seed-leaves. 
The only point of dissimilarity from Celosia lies in the fact that in A. cauda- 
tus the four groups of phloem-elements in the upper region of the hypocotyl 
derived from the two seed-leaf-bundles may postpone their union for some 
distance downwards; similar observations have been made in some Cactaceae. 
Amaranthus abyssinicus , ?, A. Dussii , Spreng., A. hypochondriacus , L., 
A . paniculatus, L.- — which has also been investigated by Gerard , 1 with whose 
observations we are in agreement — and A. viridis all closely resemble 
Amaranthus caudatus. 
Amaranthus sylvestris , Desf., is remarkable chiefly from the fact that 
not only do the central seed-leaf-bundles bifurcate and rotate in the blades 
1 loc. cit. 
