350 
Fault ' — The Cytology of 
than one subgroup, resulting in heterogamous and apogamous conditions of 
varying complexity. In evidence, every one will admit that the sexual 
organs are among the most striking diagnostic features of such an assem- 
blage as the Laboulbeniales. Simultaneously or otherwise, types of fruiting 
bodies would have been elaborated, especially with regard to protective and 
spore-disseminating adaptations. Obviously, whatever our conceptions of 
their race history may be, there will be agreement in believing that not one 
character alone but several have been involved in the evolution of the various 
subdivisions of the Ascomycetes, though there may be differences of opinion 
as to which, in certain instances, most importance is to be attached. 
Summary. 
1. The cell- walls are laminated. The layer just below the general 
chitinous envelope is frequently differentiated into a fibrillar system by 
what appears to be a process of localized degeneration. 
2. Single pits occupy septa separating cells of common origin. The 
protoplasmic bridges are typically very tenuous. 
3. The protoplasts are monoenergid. In older cells the nucleus may 
repeatedly divide. Up to ten nuclei have been counted in a single cell 
of the receptacle. 
4. No indications of antheridia in L. chaetophora or L. Gyririidarutn 
were found. 
5. The procarp has its origin as a uninucleate terminal cell of a branch 
of the receptacle. The procarp consists of a uninucleate carpogonium, 
a uninucleate trichophoric cell, and a branched and septated trichogyne, each 
cell of which is monoenergid. 
6. After the procarp is mature the carpogonium and trichophoric cell 
become continuous. Meanwhile the nucleus of the carpogonium is suc- 
ceeded by two, which are apparently daughters of the carpogonial nucleus, 
and almost simultaneously the trichophoric nucleus undergoes division. 
Later a uninucleate trichophoric cell and a uninucleate inferior supporting 
cell are septated off from the now four-nucleated fusion cell. After further 
nuclear divisions a binucleate superior supporting cell and sometimes 
a binucleate inferior supporting cell are cut off. The binucleate ascogonium 
now begins to bud off asci or divides into two ascogenic cells, each of which 
contains a pair of nuclei. Up to this stage no nuclear fusions have been 
observed. 
7. The nuclei of an ascogenic cell divide conjointly, a daughter of each 
passing into a young ascus. This process is repeated at the birth of every 
ascus. The pair entering the ascus soon fuse. 
8. The fusion nucleus divides meiotically after a period of growth. 
The number of chromosomes is the same as in other mitoses. 
