400 Reed. — Some Points in the Morphology and 
ling is very different. The fact that the cotyledons are hypogeal in the one 
case suggests that the reserve food stored within them is sufficient to give 
the plant a good start in its development, such, at any rate, that it does not 
bring them above ground to assist in the processes of assimilation. On the 
other hand, the epigeal type brings its cotyledons into the service of the 
plant by enabling them to assist in assimilation. On the whole, then, it 
seems that the hypogeal type has an immediate and readily available stock 
of food, on which it draws largely when germination begins. In the case of 
the epigeal type of seedling it may well be that the cotyledonary food 
reserves are early used up in the growth of the cotyledons and the fairly 
long hypocotyl, and as a consequence the seedling has from the early 
stages acquired the habit of foraging for itself. 
Then again, since the cotyledons of the epigeal type are carried into 
the light and become green, it is quite possible that the materials produced 
by photosynthesis become mixed up with the reserves, which in this way 
may be rendered less directly available for the plant. 
With a view of testing this suggestion, seedlings were grown in the 
dark room and the plumular buds amputated as in previous experiments ; 
controls were also kept under the same conditions. Fasciations were only 
obtained in those plants which show them under the other experimental con- 
dition. The seedlings of P. multiflorus produced good fasciations, but the 
epigeal types developed their cotyledonary shoots without showing any 
trace of fasciation. A second set of experiments was also made in which 
P. multiflorus seeds were germinated in the ordinary way and the plumules 
amputated as before. The cotyledons were then uncovered and the testa 
removed, so that the cotyledons were fully [exposed to the light. The 
exposure of the cotyledons, however, had no apparent effect on the plants’ 
power to fasciate, for fasciations appeared in considerable numbers. 
It would appear, then, that light is not the only determining factor, for 
the epigeal type does not fasciate when its cotyledons are removed from 
the influence of light, nor does the hypogeal type cease to fasciate when 
its cotyledons are brought under the influence of light. 
Further experiments were made in which seedlings of the epigeal type 
•were given a plentiful supply of nitrogenous manures. Although the 
unmutilated plants were very vigorous in their growth the mutilated 
plants did not produce any fasciated structures. 
Summary. 
i. The plants used in these experiments may be grouped in two 
classes : (i) Hypogeal types — Phaseolus multiflorus , Vicia Fab a, and Pisum 
sativum ; (3) Epigeal types — Phaseolus vulgaris , Phaseolus vulgaris , var. ?, 
Lupinus Douglassii . Ricinus communis, and Cucurbita Pepo . 
