The Podocarpeae . 1 
BY 
WALTER STILES, M.A. (Cantab.) 
Assistant- Lecturer in Botany in the University of Leeds. 
With Plates XLVI-XLVIII and eight Figures in the Text. 
Contents. 
i. Introduction .... 443 
ii. Methods 444 
iii. Notes on Genera and Species : 
External Features . . 445 
iv. Stems 449 
v. Leaves 453 
vi. Roots 458 
vii. 4 * * * Male ’ Cones .... 459 
viii. ‘ Female’ Fructifications . 462 
ix. Female Gametophyte . . 477 
x. Male Gametophyte . . . 479 
xi. Embryology .... 484 
xii. Seedling Structure. 
xiii. Geographical Distribution . 
xiv. Fossil Podocarpeae . 
xv. Inter-relationships of the 
Genera and Species 
xvi. Relations of the Podocar- 
peae to other Coniferae ; 
Phylogeny . . . . 
xvii. Summary 
Literature 
Explanation of Figures 
4 8 5 
4 8 5 
486 
489 
496 
507 
509 
5i3 
i. Introduction. 
T HE need for comparative researches on the Coniferae cannot be ex- 
pressed better than in the words of Dr. Scott, who in his Presidential 
Address to the Linnean Society of London for the year 1910 remarked 
with regard to this group of plants, ‘ I am convinced that a thorough 
comparative re-investigation of the whole family will be needed before the 
question of their affinities can be cleared up. ... A broad synthesis is 
urgently needed.’ 2 * The investigation described in the following pages 
is an attempt to treat of the structures met with in one of the less known 
orders of the Coniferae in a comparative manner. On the other hand, the 
investigation can by no means be described as thorough, for the difficulties 
of obtaining material of critical stages of some species and of obtaining 
material at all of others, have proved in many cases insurmountable. This 
is especially so in the case of gametophytic structures, where series of stages 
carefully fixed are essential. Owing to the kindness of Mr. W. T. Saxton 
it has been possible for me to examine the earlier stages of the gametophytes 
1 A Walsingham Medal Essay for 1911 . 2 Scott (’10), p. 77 . 
[Annals of Botany, Vol. XXVI. No. CII. April, 191a.] 
