453 
Stiles.— The Podocarpeae. 
2 . Typical ‘ Podocarpoid ’ pitting, consisting of smallish oval pits with 
a somewhat slit-like opening, occurs in Podocarpus neriifolius , P. salicifolius , 
and Dacrydium laxifolium. 
3. A type characterized by large simple pits (‘ Eiporen ’) occurs in 
Podocarpus andinus , P. spicatus , PJiyllocladus , Dacrydium Franklini , Micro - 
cachrys , and Pherosphaera. 
4. A * mixed type ’, with both the (2) and (3) kinds of pitting, is found 
in Podocarpus Selloivi , P.falcatus , Dacrydium cupressinum , and /?. elatum. 
v. Leaves. 
The leaves of the Podocarpeae show the usual xerophytic structure 
characteristic of Conifer leaves, 1 but, nevertheless, the range in structure, at 
least as far as external characters are concerned, is probably as great as 
that found in any order of the Coniferae. 
A . External Features. 2 
The leaves of Saxegothaea and of many species of Podocarpus — for 
example, P. andinus, P. spicatus, and P . ferrugineus — are in external aspect 
very similar to those of Taxus. They generally end in a more or less acute 
tip, and are narrowed at the base. From this type of leaf there can be 
arranged a series of leaves of various species of Podocarpus , similar in shape, 
but increasing in size, such as P. Totara , P. elongatus , P. macrophyllus , and 
P. polystachyus , culminating in the large leaves of P. amarus and P. elatus , 
the leaves of the last-named plant being often 12 to 15 centimetres long 
and a centimetre wide. 
Another kind of leaf is found in the familiar type of small appressed, 
more or less triangular leaf, which is found in Pherosphaera , Microcachrys , 
many species of Dacrydium (for example, D. Franklini ), and in some species 
of Podocarpus. In more than half of the species of Dacrydium ‘juvenile’ 
forms of leaf occur which differ from those of the adult plant in being 
needle-like in shape. Such ‘juvenile’ forms are found in D. cupressinum , 
D. biforme , D. Kirkii , D. Bidwillii , &c. In D. cupressinum the leaves of 
the adult plant are shorter and flatter than those of the juvenile state, but 
y yet are not triangular nor appressed to the stem, being rather intermediate 
in shape between the juvenile state and the more general adult state. 
The most distinct type of leaf is found in the Nageia section of the 
genus Podocarpus (PI. XL VI I, Fig. 24). As is well known, the leaves in this 
section are comparatively wide and are traversed by a number of parallel 
veins ; in this respect they are sharply marked off from all other species in 
1 See for example Warming and Vahl (’09), p. 310. 
2 A full account of the external characters of the leaves of the Podocarpeae is given by Pilger 
(’03), p. 3. See also the specific descriptions in that work. 
H h 
