459 
Stiles . — The Podocarpeae . 
Pscudotsuga} Psendolarix , and A dies , 1 2 the roots are diarch or triarch, while 
in Pinus , as well as in the Taxodieae and Cupressineae, the roots are 
polyarch. 
The secondary wood is composed mostly of tracheides, but wood- 
parenchyma cells are fairly numerous. The annual rings are not always 
well marked, as was the case in my roots of Podocarpus cupressinns , whereas 
in P. alpinus the rings were very well marked. These differences are 
possibly individual rather than specific. The medullary rays are like 
those of the stem ; they are one cell wide and wholly parenchymatous. 
The bordered pits on the walls of the tracheides are often contiguous ; they 
are usually uniseriate, but a case was observed in P . alpinus in which there 
was a biseriate arrangement. Miss Gerry has recorded the presence of 
‘ bars of Sanio * in the tracheides of the root in Dacrydium cupressinmn and 
Saxegothaea . 3 She also records the crowding of the pits in many cases. 
Considerable emphasis has been laid on the value for phylogenetic and 
classificatory purposes of the distribution of resin canals in the root. 4 In 
the roots of the Podocarpeae I have examined these structures were entirely 
absent. 
vii. ‘ Male ’ Cones. 
In contrast to the megasporangiate structures, the microsporophylls of 
the Podocarpeae are always aggregated into cones. These are remarkably 
uniform structures throughout the whole of the order, but among the 
different species a fairly wide variation in size is exhibited. 
In Microcachrys the mature cones are only about 4 mm. long and 
about 2 mm. broad ; those of Saxegothaea are about twice this length, 5 
while in Podocarpus andinus and P. spimdosus 6 they may be as long 
as 1 to 1-5 cm. The cones of Podocarpus Totara Hallii vary from 3 to 
20 mm. in length. 7 A larger type of cone is found in Podocarpus latifoluis , 
while the strobili of Podocarpus polystachyus may reach a length of 10 cm. 
In Saxegothaea and Podocarpus the male cones are borne at the apices 
of short pedicels, which occur either singly or two or three together in the 
axils of foliage leaves. In Saxegothaea one cone is usually found in the 
axil of a foliage leaf, though there may be two or three. 8 In Podocarpus 
ajidinus the same appears to be the case. One cone in the axil is the rule 
in Podocarpus nivalis . 9 In Podocarpus Totara Hallii , on the contrary, 
Burlingame reports that the cones are usually in pairs of one large and one 
small one. 10 In Podocarpus spinulosus the number of strobili in the axil 
1 Jeffrey ( , 05), p. 3. 2 Noelle (’10), pp. 194, 205. 
3 Gerry (’10), p. 121. 4 Jeffrey (’05), p. 24 ; Noelle (’10), p. 250. 
6 Noren (’08), p. 102 ; Stiles (’08), p. 21 1. 6 Brooks and Stiles (’10), p. 307. 
7 Burlingame (’08), p. 162. 8 Thibout (’96), p. 179; Stiles (’08), p. 2ir, 
9 Burlingame, 1. c. 10 1. c. 
