462 
S tiles . — The Podoca rpeae. 
The development of the sporangium has not been traced in detail 
in any species of the order, but no doubt follows that of other Conifers. 
In the youngest material examined of Podocarpus andinus five layers of 
cells were visible outside the megaspore-mother-cells ; in the mature 
sporangium only the remains of two layers were visible inside the sporan- 
gium wall. The latter in Saxegothaea and Podocarpus latifolius has con- 
spicuous thickening bands on the vertical walls, but in P. andinus the walls 
are not very conspicuously thickened. In Saxegothaea 1 and Podocarpus spp. 
the sporophyll contains cells of presumably a secretory nature with deeply 
staining contents which are very like those figured by Seward and Ford 1 2 
for Araucaria Rulei. In Podocarpus latifolius and P. andinus the terminal 
lamina contains a large air-space on the side below the vascular bundle. 
viii. ‘Female ’ Fructifications. 
The features distinguishing the various genera of the Podocarpeae 
have been touched upon in a previous section of this paper, and for this 
purpose it was necessary briefly to indicate the chief differences between 
the female fructifications of the various genera. A more detailed account 
of these organs will now be given. 
I. Pherosphaera. The sporophylls of this genus, according to Pilger, 3 
form small cones with 2 to 5 fertile sporophylls and several sterile ones. 
Each fertile sporophyll bears a single erect ovule surrounded by a single 
integument (Text-fig. 8, a) ; in the young condition it is stated by Pilger 
that the ovule is in the axil of the cone scale. 
II. Phyllocladus. The female fructifications of this genus consist 
of small cones, solitary or several together in the axils of scale-leaves, which 
may be borne either on the branches of unlimited growth or on the phyllo- 
clades. 4 The sporophylls may be either spirally or decussately arranged, 
and this is not even a specific difference, for in Ph . alpinus> although the 
usual arrangement of the sporophylls is a decussate one, yet a spiral 
arrangement sometimes obtains. 5 In this species there may be one pair or 
two pairs of fertile sporophylls at the base of the cone, and several upper 
pairs of sterile cone scales. 6 
Each fertile sporophyll bears a single erect ovule, which appears from 
one of Mrs. Arber’s figures to be borne in the axil of the sporophyll. 7 
When young the ovule is surrounded by a single integument, and the 
resemblance to Pherosphaera is thus striking (Text-fig. 8, b). Later a sym- 
metrical outer integument (the aril) arises round the inner, and in the older 
seed forms a papery cup. The inner integument appears to differentiate into 
1 Stiles (’08), p. 212, Fig. 29. 
3 Pilger (’03), p. 39. 
5 Robertson (’06), p. 261. 
7 1. c., PI. XVII, Fig. 8. 
2 Seward and Ford (’06), p. 356, Fig. 22, h, 
4 1. c., p. 94. 
6 1. c. 
