Stiles . — The Podocarpeae. 495 
straggling mountain shrub, while the other is one of the tallest of forest 
trees. 
In other species of Dacrydium , such as D. cupressinum , the female 
fructification contains but a single sporophyll, and so is reduced to the 
extreme limit. Occasionally, two fertile sporophylls may be borne on one 
‘strobilus’. The ovule has rather the appearance of being borne on the 
epimatium, but whether this is due to an outgrowth of the scale below 
the epimatium, or to intercalary growth of the basal part of the epimatium, 
cannot at present be said. In any case it is a new development not found 
in the more primitive members of the order or genus. The complicated 
structure of the inner integument is probably also a new development. The 
stems here contain resin canals as well as the leaves. 
So far all the genera to which reference has been made in this section 
have the nucellus, integument, and epimatium free from one another, at least 
for a good part of their length. In the remaining genus, Podocarpus , the 
integument and epimatium are only free from one another for a very short 
distance in the neighbourhood of the micropyle. In the section Eupodo- 
carpus the nucellus is free from the integument, at least in the species 
I have had an opportunity of examining, for about half its length. The 
characteristics of this line of evolution are fusion of parts and reduction of 
the female strobilus. 
The two species, P. andinus and P. spicatus , in which the megaspo- 
rangiate strobilus consists of about eight sporophylls on an elongated axis, 
are presumably to be considered the most primitive, reduction of the 
strobilus having proceeded to a less degree than in any other species. It is 
worthy of note also that the leaves are of the Saxegothaea type, at any rate 
in P. andinus , while their external appearance suggests a similar structure 
in the case of P. spicatus. 
In the section Eupodocarpus the fructification is reduced to three pairs 
of decussately arranged scales, of which the two upper pairs fuse to form the 
receptacle. Usually only one or two sporophylls are fertile. In the section 
Nageia the fructification is similarly reduced, while the peculiar venation 
indicates this section as a distinct offshoot of the pr z- Eupodocarpus stock. 
Microcarpus with its single species would appear to be a reduced type on the 
Nageia line of descent. Finally, D aery carpus would appear to be the most 
specialized of them all as far as fusion of parts goes, for the megasporophyll 
is involved in the fusion. On the other hand, whereas in Eupodocarpus , and 
still more in Nageia , there is a tendency towards increased leaf surface, in 
D aery carpus , and also in Microcarpus , there is a reduction in this respect. 
The suggested scheme indicating the inter-relationships of the genera 
and some of the species of the Podocarpeae is therefore as follows : 1 
1 In this scheme genera and species shown above the oblique broken line exhibit fusion of parts 
in the ovulate structures ; while those to the right of the vertical broken line have undergone reduction 
in their leaves. 
