508 Stiles . — The Podocarpeoe . 
canals. In Nageia the leaf is parallel-veined, but each bundle is accompanied 
by transfusion tissue and a single resin canal as in the single-veined species. 
In the larger leaved species of the latter accessory transfusion tissue is 
developed. 
2. Spore-producing Members . The male cones are very uniform 
structures throughout the Podocarpeae, each cone consisting of a number of 
usually spirally arranged sporophylls, each of which bears two microsporangia. 
In Saxegothaea the microspores are without wings ; in Microcachrys the 
wings are variable in number and ill-developed ; in Phyllocladus , Dacrydium , 
and Podocarpus there are usually two wings on the microspore, though 
cases are known in which there are three wings. 
The megasporophylls are characterized by the constant relation of one 
median ovule to the sporophyll. There can be little doubt that the original 
position of this was an erect axillary one, a position retained to-day by 
Pherosphaera and probably Phyllocladus. In most of the genera there has 
been a considerable alteration from this position due to intercalary growth 
at the base of the sporophyll. This has resulted in Saxegothaea and Micro- 
cachrys in the inversion of the ovule, and its removal to a situation on the 
upper surface of the sporophyll remote from the axis. Probably correlated 
with the inversion of the ovule is the development of the incomplete outer 
integument or epimatium. In some species of Dacrydium the ovule has 
shifted its position so as to be inserted on the epimatium. In Podocarpus 
fusion of parts has taken place, the integument, epimatium, and nucellus 
being partly fused in Eupodocarpus \ the fusion has proceeded further in 
Nageia , and to the greatest extent in D aery carpus. Another novelty in 
Podocarpus is the development of the ovular stalk. This may be regarded 
as a further development of the epimatium. In Phyllocladus , where the 
ovule has retained its erect position, there has resulted the development of 
a second integument which symmetrically surrounds the inner one. 
Another evolutionary tendency has been towards the reduction of the 
female cone to a single fertile sporophyll. 
3. Gametophytes . The female prothallus has been examined in Podo- 
carpus ^ Dacrydium, and Phyllocladus. The archegonia occur at the apical end 
of the prothallus, and as far as at present known to the number of from one 
to four in Phyllocladus and Dacrydium , from five to ten in Podocarpus coriaceus 
and P. macrophyllus to as many as nineteen in P. nagi. Each archegonium 
is surrounded by a separate layer of jacket-cells, but in the species examined 
cases have been observed of two or more archegonia surrounded by a common 
jacket, and this may be the rule in P. nagi ; a sufficient number of cases 
has, however, not been examined. 
The male gametophyte is characterized by the development of several 
prothallial cells. These vary in number from two, the usual number in 
Phyllocladus , to eight, a common number in Podocarpus. The pollen-tubes 
