5 66 
Sinnott and Bailey . — The Origin and 
most of the important phytogeographical regions, and have tabulated by 
families the number of herbaceous and of woody dicotyledonous plants 
therein recorded. In many cases the number and habit of Monocotyledons 
have been gone over as well, but, as has been stated above, the problem of 
the origin of herbs in this group is of less importance, since the weight of 
evidence seems to point to the conclusion that Monocotyledons arose at first 
as herbaceous offshoots from some ancient dicotyledonous stock, and that 
their living woody forms are recent rather than primitive. 
In many floras data as to the stature and growth-habit of the plants 
are not presented, or are incomplete, and in such cases it has been necessary 
to supply this information as far as possible from other sources. In the 
tabulation everything recorded as a tree, shrub, half-shrub, undershrub, 
suffrutex, or perennial sufifruticose plant has been counted as woody, and 
the few species described as both woody and herbaceous have been divided 
as equally as possible into the two categories. 
i. Distribution of Herbs in Temperate and in Tropical Regions. 
One of the most conspicuous facts brought out by this study of distribu- 
tion is the great contrast between temperate and tropical regions in the 
proportions of their herbaceous flora. The following table presents an 
analysis of the dicotyledonous floras of various regions in the north temperate 
zone and in the tropics : 
TEMPERATE REGIONS. 
Region. 
No. of Species. 
No. of Herbs. 
% Herbs. 
North-Eastern United States (Gray) . . . 
2,280 
1,748 
77 
Northern United States (Britton and Brown) 
2,662 
2,089 
78 
South-Eastern United States (Small) . . . 
4,608 
3:312 
72 
Southern United States (Chapman) . . . 
2,266 
1,666 
74 
Rocky Mountains (Coulter) 
2,206 
1,910 
87 
Los Angeles (Abrams) 
802 
627 
78 
Florida Keys (Small) 
4L5 
225 
54 
Great Britain (Hooker) 
927 
821 
89 
France (Cusin and Ansberque) 
3>924 
3,492 
89 
Germany (Engler) 
1,117 
947 
85 
Switzerland (Schinz and Keller) .... 
1,899 
1,726 
9t 
Russian Empire (Ledebour) 
14,704 
12,588 
86 
Norway (Blytt) 
857 
74i 
86 
Iceland (Stefansson) 
221 
200 
90 
Ellesmereland (Simmons) 
76 
7i 
93 
of British India, Hooker; Handbook of the Flora of Ceylon, Trimen; Flora of Bombay, Cooke; 
Flora of the Upper Gangetic Plain, Duthie; Materials for a Malayan Flora, King; Flora van 
Nederlandsche Indie, Miquel ; Excursionsflora von Java/Koorders ; Flora of Manila, Merrill. 
Africa. — Flora of Tropical Africa, Oliver and Thiselton-Dyer ; Flora Capensis, Harvey and 
Sonder, Thiselton-Dyer, and others; The Flora of Madagascar (Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot., xxv, 1890), 
Baron. 
Australasia. — Flora Australiensis, Bentham and Mueller ; Handbook of the Flora of New 
South Wales, Moore ; Manual of the New Zealand Flora, Cheeseman. 
Insular Floras. — Flora of the Hawaiian Islands, Hillebrand ; Flora Vitiensis, Seeman ; 
Flore de la Polynesie franpaise, Castillo ; Botany of the Galapagos Islands, Stewart ; Report on the 
‘Challenger’ Expedition: Botany, Hemsley ; Flora de las Islas de Juan Fernandez, Johow ; St. 
Helena, Melliss ; Botanical Observations on the Azores, Trelease ; Phytographia Canariensis, Webb 
and Berthelot ; Flore des lies Canaries, Pitard and Proust; Botany of Socotra, Balfour; Flora of 
Mauritius and the Seychelles, Baker. 
