576 Sinnott and Bailey . — The Origin and 
of the world, the widespread tropical types and the plants which are there- 
fore presumably recent arrivals (since isolation has not yet had time 
to break them up into new species), includes a fairly large percentage 
(25 per cent, or so) of herbs. The element of the flora which is endemic in 
Polynesia or in the separate groups within it, and which is therefore probably 
much more ancient, is almost entirely composed of woody plants. 
F. The Galapagos Islands. 
Outside of Polynesia there are two groups of islands in the Pacific the 
flora of which is important for our study — the Galapagos Islands and Juan 
Fernandez. The former, situated 700 miles off the coast of South America, 
have a flora of 446 species of Dicotyledons, of which 226, or 50 per cent., are 
endemic. An analysis of the flora is presented in the following table : 
Indigenous species 
Non-endemic species 
Endemic species of non-endemic genera . . 
Species of endemic genera 
Total Species. 
446 
220 
215 
11 
Herbs. % Herbs. 
270 1 61 
177 1 80 
93 43 
There are but two endemic genera ( Lecocarpus and Scalesia), a fact 
which indicates that the flora is not a very ancient one, at least when com- 
pared with that of Hawaii. These two genera, however, are both arborescent, 
and apparently represent the most primitive portion of the vegetation. 
G. Jnan Fernandez. 
The island of Juan Fernandez (with the islet of Masafuera) lies well 
outside the tropics, 400 miles off the coast of Chile. It is apparently of 
great antiquity geologically, and possesses, for so small an island, a rich 
and peculiar flora. An analysis of it is 
appended : 
Total Species. 
Herbs. 
% Herbs. 
Indigenous species 
89 
4 1 
46 
Non-endemic species 
33 
3i 
94 
Endemic species of non-endemic genera . . 
36 
10 
27 
Species of endemic genera 
20 
— 
In this island, as in others which we have discussed, the more ancient 
portion of the flora is woody and the recent element herbaceous. About 
70 per cent, of the dicotyledonous flora of adjacent Chile, enjoying a very 
similar climate, is composed of herbaceous plants. It is significant, however, 
that large, characteristic Chilean genera of Leguminosae, Compositae, and 
Orchidaceae are absent. The flora of Juan Fernandez, with its predominance 
of woody forms, may perhaps be regarded as a remnant of a Chilean flora 
of much more ancient times, before the development or invasion of such 
a preponderance of herbs. 
1 Estimated. 
