506 Lang . — On Apospory in 
growth (Fig. 3). In other cases this contrast is wanting. The 
general sequence of the early divisions in the cells giving rise 
to the new growths, and the differences between individual 
cases, are closely parallel to the early stages of germination 
of the spore of Anthoceros. The oldest buds obtained also 
resemble a stage in the germination of the spore, as will be 
seen by comparing Fig. 3 with such a figure as that on p. 138 
of Campbell’s ‘ Mosses and Ferns/ and that they are gameto- 
phytic is further indicated by the origin of rhizoids from 
them. As mentioned above the culture had to be stopped at 
this stage and therefore the comparison cannot at present be 
carried further. 
There remains for consideration the evidence that these 
new growths, which have been seen to be gametophytic, are 
truly aposporous. Three possible sources of the buds had to 
be considered ; they might have arisen from spores present 
in the sporogonium or accidentally introduced into the culture, 
or from the undivided spore-mother-cells in the spore-sac, or 
finally from the sterile tissue of the sporogonium. Even from 
external examination of the pieces of sporogonium, removed 
from the culture when fresh, the third of these alternatives 
seemed the probable one, for, when the growths arose from 
the cut end, they sprang from close beneath the surface, 
while, if from the side of the piece, the whole growth corre- 
sponded in position and size to one of the cells of the wall 
and was attached closely to the neighbouring cells. No trace 
of a ruptured spore-membrane was ever visible. The actual 
proof, however, could only be obtained by the study of sec- 
tions ; these showed that the growths might start beneath 
the unbroken epidermis from cells of the wall surrounded on 
all sides by their neighbours. Most commonly they arise 
from subepidermal cells, but they may start in any of the 
layers of the wall down to that which bounds the sporogenous 
layer (Figs. 4, 5). The same holds for growths originating 
from the cut ends (Fig. 6). 
The positive evidence is thus sufficient to establish the fact 
of apospory in this Liverwort, and even did cells of the sporo- 
