548 This el ton- Dyer. — Morphological Notes. 
I fail altogether to find any trace of it in the only available 
specimen of the wood of Sciadopitys verticillata , a genus which 
is included by Bentham and Hooker in the tribe Araucavieae : 
As Sciadopitys has been removed by Dr. Masters to the 
Taxodieae , the persistence of leaf-traces may be asserted to be 
a characteristic feature of the former group. 
III. The Carpophyll of Encephalartos. 
Many years’ study of the Cycadeae , the species of which 
from various causes — which I hope some day to elucidate — 
have been much misunderstood, assures me that important 
distinctive characters in the sub-tribe Encephalarteae are 
afforded by the female cones. The carpophylls terminate 
exteriorly in shield-like expansions, rhomboidal in outline, the 
superficial sculpture of which in most cases affords unmis- 
takable specific differences. This is apparent at a glance if 
Fig. i, Encephalartos villosus , Lem., Fig. 5, E. longifolius , 
Lehm., and Fig. 6 , E. br achy phy lias , Lehm., are compared. 
1 must confess that I had not given much thought to the 
meaning or origin of these curious structural differences till, 
some years ago, I had the pleasure of receiving from my 
friend Herr H. Wendland, Director of the Botanic Garden at 
Herrenhausen, Hanover, the first example, as far as I know, of a 
monstrous Cycad cone. The species was Encephalartos villosus, 
Lem. The cone was for the most part normal except in the 
upper part, in which the carpophylls had become foliaceous. 
Fig. 1 is a reproduction of a faithful drawing made at the 
time by Lady Thiselton-Dyer. 
In Cycas itself, the morphology of the carpophylls presents no 
difficulty. They alternate on the main axis with foliage leaves, 
and are their precise equivalents. But in the Encephalarteae 
all trace of foliar structure in the carpophylls is apparently 
lost, and I must confess that, though obvious enough when one 
sees it, I should never have arrived at their correct interpreta- 
tion without the help of Herr Wendland’s striking specimen. 
Taking such a case as Fig. 6, E. brachyphyllus one might 
