638 Worsdell . — The Morphology of the 
numerous (8-10 on the lower, 2-4 on the upper) minute append- 
ages, the arrangement of which could not well be determined. 
Each of these short-stalked appendages bears in its turn two, 
sometimes three, pollen-sacs, more or less pendulous, or with 
their apical portions directed obliquely outwards and down- 
wards, below the somewhat swollen, often pointed apex of the 
appendage (PI. XXXV, Fig. 2). In fact, the structure of each 
axillary axis of the capitulum is precisely that of the axis 
both in Ginkgo and Phyllocladas , axillary to scale-leaves of 
the brachyblast, which bears the numerous short appendages 
supporting pollen-sacs to the number of two or three. In 
Cephalotaxus , however, these axillary axes are arranged in 
the axils of bracts, in a compact inflorescence, whereas 
in Ginkgo and Phyllocladns each is perfectly isolated and 
independent. 
The Structure of the Female Flower. 
The small stalked capitula arise in the axils of scale-leaves, 
near the base of shoots of the year. Each produces three or 
four pairs of bracts exhibiting the opposite-decussate arrange- 
ment on the axis, thus differing in this character from those of 
the male capitulum. In the axil of each bract are two erect 
ovules, one on either side. 
Historical Notes. 
Most authors seem to be agreed as to the morphology of 
the male 6 flowers 5 of the genus. Each axillary ‘ catkin/ as 
Eichler terms it, represents a single ‘ flower/ several of which 
go to constitute the capitulum which is an inflorescence. But 
one looks in vain in the textbooks for any definite detailed 
comparative treatment of the flowers, and yet this is the only 
sure method of determining their true morphological character. 
Celakovsky 1 appears to be the only botanist who has given 
this subject the attention which it deserves, the only one who 
throws full and complete illumination thereupon. I will now 
1 * Die Gymnospermen,’ &c. Abhandl. d. kgl. bohm. Ges. d. Wiss. ; vol. iv, 
1890. 
