75 2 Bachmann. — A New Type of Spermogoninm and 
species the apothecium is compound, since it develops from several carpo- 
gones. Very often at least, the filament which is to bear one or more 
carpogones is differentiated from the other hyphae by having shorter, 
broader cells. From this filament branches arise which coil at once. The 
cells of a coil are short and broad, isodiametric or very slightly elongated. 
As the carpogone grows, the cells composing it elongate somewhat and 
become two to three times as long as they are wide (Figs, i and 2). There 
are from fifteen to twenty-five cells in a coil. Stahl found the number 
varied from twelve to twenty in Collema rnicrophyllum , and for Collema 
crispum Baur ( 4 ) gives the number as fifteen to twenty. The number of 
spirals varies from two to about three and a half. Sometimes the spiral 
is loosely and unevenly coiled (Fig. 4), more often it is coiled quite evenly 
(Fig. 3). This is in agreement with what has been found in other species 
of the genus. 
Very shortly after the spirals are formed, the terminal cell begins to 
elongate. It is 3 to 5 microns wide and reaches a length of 175 to 280 
microns (Figs. 2, 3, and 4). The terminal cell of a carpogone is always 
easily distinguished from the vegetative hyphae in a stained section by its 
colour. It is coloured more deeply blue than the other hyphae. It is 
sometimes reddish if the exposure to the safranin has been prolonged, but 
very seldom appears stained by the orange. Also the width of the cell is 
slightly greater than that of most vegetative hyphae, and these two facts, 
with the absence of cross-walls, make it very conspicuous. Tracing this 
cell from section to section one finds that it does not grow vertically upwards 
towards the surface of the thallus, but more or less horizontally or parallel 
to the plane of the thallus. It is not straight, but often somewhat winding. 
Often several of the cells next to the terminal trichogyne cell are elongated 
more than those further back in the coils of the carpogone. 
Stahl has distinguished three parts in the carpogone— the terminal 
cell which is the receptive portion, the ten to twenty cells (number varying 
with the species) next the terminal cell which is the conductive portion, and 
the coils at the base or ascogone from which later the ascogenous hyphae 
develop. The carpogone, then, according to Stahl, is composed of ascogone 
and trichogyne, and the latter again is divided according to function into 
a receptive and conductive part. In my material these three parts may be 
readily distinguished. The long terminal cell is the receptive cell, but of 
course it is largely concerned in conducting the male nucleus to the asco- 
gone. Even before fertilization, then, the carpogones are easily recognized 
and distinguished from the vegetative parts in the section by the coiled 
basal portion and the long terminal cell. 
As noted above, no superficial spermogonia have been observed in my 
material. The spermatia are, however, found abundantly in the same thalli, 
and in the same part of the thallus in which the carpogones are found. 
