Pachypodium namaquanum, Welw. 941 
petiole, midrib, and lamina of the leaf, and the cortex of the spines. They 
have thin walls and contain nuclei and granular matter of a proteid nature. 
6 . It is probable that there are two serial axillary buds placed one 
above the other in the axil of an adnate leaf. The upper of these is 
an inflorescence, and the lower is the apex of the protuberance. 
7. Of the three spines the median is probably a stem spine, the two 
lateral being modified leaves. 
8. The functions of the spines may be to store water for the formation 
of the flower, and then to reflect the intense sunlight away from the stem. 
Near the base of the stem the spines fall off, their function here being 
probably performed by a thick covering of cork. 
Botany Laboratory, 
South African College, 
March , 1912. 
Literature cited. 
1. Harvey, W. H. : Thesaurus Capensis, vol. ii, t. 117, 1859, P* JI - 
2. Paterson, W. : A Narrative of Four Journeys into the Country of the Hottentots, and Caffraria, 
in the years 1777, 1778, 1779, ed. ii, 1790, p. 124 and Fig. 
3. Pearson, H. H. W. : A Botanical Journey in South-West Africa. Gardeners’ Chron., vol. xlvi, 
1909, pp. 369-70, Fig. 162. 
4. Scott, D. H., and Brebner, G. : On Internal Phloem in the Root and Stem of Dicotyledons. 
Annals of Botany, vol. v, 1891, pp. 259-300, PI. XVIII, XIX, XX. 
5. Solereder, H. : Systematic Anatomy of the Dicotyledons (Eng. Trans.), vol. i, Oxford, 1908, 
pp. 529-32, Fig. 121. 
6. Stapf, O. : Apocynaceae. Flora Capensis, vol. iv, sect. 1, 1909, p. 515. 
7. Welwitsch, F. : Sertum Angolense. Trans. Linn. Soc., vol. xxvii, 1871, pp. 42-5. 
EXPLANATION OF FIGURES IN PLATE LXXXIV. 
Illustrating Miss Lee’s paper on Pachypodium namaquanum. 
A = xylem ; b = phloem ; c = cambium ; D = laticiferous cells. 
Fig. 1. A, drawing of external tissue of stem, showing protuberances and spines ; B, protuber- 
ance from lower side, showing its leaf-scar (= i.s .) ; c, protuberance from upper side, showing the 
scar left by the inflorescence ( = i.s.). 
Fig. 2. Part of transverse section of pith, showing two medullary bundles, x 220. 
Fig. 3. Starch grains as seen in the cells of the pith, x 220. 
Fig. 4. Part of transverse section of stem, showing two ring bundles, f = fibres, x 95. 
Fig. 5. Part of vascular bundle of petiole in transverse section, x 220. 
Fig. 6. Transverse section through protuberance parallel to scar left by inflorescence, showing 
vascular supply of the latter. 
Fig. 7. One of the small groups of vascular tissue as seen in section parallel to the inflorescence 
scar, x no. 
