Woodburn . — Spermatogenesis in certain Hepaticae. 307 
often shows bodies of various sizes and collections of granules (Fig. 30). 
Some of these seem to be merely dense globular masses of cytoplasmic 
material and the two which eventually occupy the spindle poles are appa- 
rently similar. There has been no evidence produced which would indicate 
their nuclear origin as claimed by Ikeno (’ 03 ). The drawings of the latter 
do not confirm his opinion that the intranuclear body seen in his Figs. 1 
or 2 is identical with the body seen outside the nucleus in his Fig. 3. 
The oblique division of the spermogenous tissue in Fegaiella occurs in 
essentially the same manner as in Marchantia. The spindle fibres extend 
from a small point or body in the cytoplasm towards the nuclear membrane 
(Fig. 53). The latter disappears, the fibres enter the nuclear cavity, and 
the chromosomes become arranged in an equatorial plate (Fig. 53 A). During 
this process the body at each pole of the spindle persists ; at the same time 
other bodies may be scattered through the cytoplasm or in the region of 
the spindle (Fig. 53 A). By late anaphase the polar bodies have disap- 
peared and the cytoplasm may or may not contain granular bodies (Fig. 54). 
As in Marchantia there is no evidence that the bodies which occupied 
the poles of the spindle during metakinesis persist as individuals in the 
sperm cells. 
Development of the Sperm. 
The nuclear network of the sperm cell of Porella soon after the last 
division shows no nucleolus. The nucleus is smaller than in earlier stages 
of the antheridium, and the amount of cytoplasm is less (compare Fig. 12 
with 1). The cytoplasm is granular and shows a denser aggregation in one 
end of each cell. Around the nucleus it is lighter, but in the opposite ends 
of the cells there are also denser areas (Fig. 12). The densely stained body 
in each sperm cell, as shown in Fig. 13, corresponds exactly in position 
to the smaller dense collection of cytoplasmic granules in Fig. 12. These 
figures give strong evidence that the body shown in Fig. 13, from which the 
blepharoplast develops, is of cytoplasmic origin. Fig. 14 shows one of the 
pair of sperm cells viewed from the side, if we speak of the view in Figs. 12 
and 13 as edgewise. The chromatin lumps of Figs. 12 and 13 seem to be 
drawn out into longer and irregular pieces. Otherwise the cell has changed 
but little. The densely staining body now begins to develop directly into 
the form of the mature blepharoplast. It lengthens as a cord, following 
quite closely the plasma membrane (Fig. 15), until, as shown in Fig. 17, it 
may extend half-way or more around the periphery of the cell. Fig. 18 
shows a pair of the sperm cells with the blepharoplast extending along the 
edge past the nucleus. The forward end of the blepharoplast, or the one 
from which the development has proceeded, remains slightly larger for 
a short distance backward than the remaining posterior portion. The 
