322 Bailey. — A Cretaceous Pity oxy Ion with Marginal Tracheides. 
of these structures 1 in the Coniferales, and although unable to discover 
their presence in living or fossil Araucarians, noted their presence in all 
other genera of living Conifers, and in a number of fossil Abietineous forms, 
including Prepinus. 
The short shoots, which are a very characteristic feature of our lignite, 
indicate that the material is the stem of a pine-like Conifer, since these 
structures occur in Conifers only among pine-like forms and primitive 
Araucarians. Furthermore, the distribution, structure, and general appear- 
ance of the ligneous characters strongly resembles that of living and 
Cretaceous pines, and is quite unlike that of other Abietineous genera. It 
appears to be quite evident that we have to deal with a primitive pine-like 
Conifer, and it is therefore necessary that we should compare in greater 
detail the structures of the lignite with those which occur in other living 
and Cretaceous pines. As has been pointed out earlier in this article, this 
pine possesses the highly resinous ray parenchyma which is characteristic 
of Pity oxy Ion statenense and P. scituatense , and resembles the latter in 
possessing large masses of resinous parenchyma associated with the resin 
canals. It likewise possesses the primitive thick-walled ray parenchyma 
and piciform pits which are present in Cretaceous pines, including the very 
primitive Prepinus , and in the living Nut and Foxtail Pines of the south- 
western United States. It is, however, distinct from other Mesozoic pines 
in possessing well- developed ray tracheides, which are present, however, in 
all living pines. Thus we see that in its anatomical characters our lignite 
appears to occupy an intermediate position between Pityoxylon scituatense 
and Pinus edulis , Engel m., since it possesses the highly resinous paren- 
chyma and abundant epithelium of the former, combined with the ray 
tracheides of the latter, and resembles both species in possessing numerous 
tangential bordered pits in the summer wood, and thick-walled ray paren- 
chyma with piciform lateral ray pits. 
Owing to the strong similarity between the woody structure of the 
Pityoxylon and that of certain primitive living pines, the American Nut and 
Foxtail Pines, we propose to follow the precedent set by Conwentz 2 in 
naming the succiniferous remains of Baltic Pityoxyla , and refer the lignite to 
the genus Pinus. We appear to be justified in this course, particularly as 
the foliar structure of the pines of the Upper Cretaceous, as shown by 
Stopes and Kershaw, 3 is similar to that of living pines. The leaves of 
pines in the Lower Cretaceous, as has been shown by Jeffrey, 4 differed from 
modern pines in the probable absence of an endoderm and in possessing 
a double transfusionary sheath. We therefore suggest for our fossil the 
1 Gerry, E. : Bars of Sanio in Coniferales. Annals of Bot., vol. xxiv, No. 93, Jan., 1910. 
2 Conwentz, H. : Monog. d. bait. Bernsteinbaume. Danzig, 1890. 
3 Stopes, M. C., and Kershaw, E. M. Annals of Bot., vol. xxix, No. 94, April, 1910. 
4 Jeffrey, E. C. : On the structure of the leaf in Cretaceous pines. Annals of Bot., vol. xxii, 
No. 86, April, 1908. 
