3 1 8 Carter. — Studies on the Chloroplasts of Desmids. I V. 
DESCRIPTION OF PLATES XIV-XVI. 
Illustrating Miss Nellie Carter’s paper on the Chloroplasts of Desmids, IV. 
During the prolonged processes of preparation the specific characters of Desmids often become 
obliterated, but all the species were identified, either in the living or carefully fixed condition, by 
Professor G. S. West. The figures are only intended to indicate the structure of the chromato- 
phores, and only the outlines of the cells are given, surface markings being omitted. 
PLATE XIV. 
Figs, i, 2. Staurastrum forficulatum, Lund, x 510. Fig. 1, front view ; Fig. 2, end view. 
Figs. 3, 4.. St. orbiculare , Ralfs. x 510. Fig. 3, front view; Fig. 4, end view. 
Figs. 5, 6. St. Cerastes , Lund, x 510. Fig. 5, front view ; Fig. 6, end view. 
Figs. 7, 8. St.gracile , Ralfs. x 510. Fig. 7, front view ; Fig. 8, end view. 
Figs. 9, 10. St. Simonyi , Heimerl. x 510. Fig. 9, front view; Fig, 10, end view. 
Figs, ii, 12. St. punctulatum, Breb. x 510. Fig. 11, front view; Fig. 12, end view. 
Figs. 13, 14. St. aversum, Lund, x 510. Fig. 13, front view; Fig. 14, end view. 
Figs. 15, 16. St. hirsutum , (Ehrenb.) Ralfs. x 510. Fig. 15, front view; Fig. 16, end view. 
Figs. 17, 18. St. jaculiferum, West, x 510. Fig. 17, front view; Fig. 18, end view. 
Figs. 19, 20. St. anatinum, Cook and Wills, x 510. Fig. 19, front view; Fig. 20, trans- 
verse section. 
Figs. 21-3. St. Sebaldi , Reinsch, var. altum j (Boldt) West, x 510, showing variation in 
number, size, and position of the pyrenoids. Fig. 21, front view; Fig. 22, oblique end view; 
Fig. 23, from the end. 
Figs. 24, 25. St. Sebaldi , Reinsch, var. ornatum , Nordst. X 510. Fig. 24, oblique front 
view; Fig. 25, end view. 
Figs. 26, 27. St. Ophiura, Lund, x 510. Fig. 26, front view; Fig. 27, transverse section. 
Figs. 28, 29. St. Arcliscon , (Ehrenb.) Lund, x 510. Fig. 28, front view; Fig. 29, oblique 
end view. In both cases the letters a a', b b' } c, & c., show the relation between the processes of the 
cell-wall. 
Figs. 30-2. St. paradoxum , Meyen, var. longipes i Nordst. x 510. Fig. 30, front view; , 
Figs. 31 and 32, end view. 
Fig- 33- St. aculeatum , (Ehrenb.) Menegh. x 510. End view. 
Figs. 34, 35. St. Manfeldtii , Delp. x 510. Fig. 34, front view; Fig. 35, end view. 
Figs. 36-8. St. pyramidatum, West, x 510. Fig. 36, front view; Figs. 37-38, end view. 
PLATE XV. 
Figs. 39-42. St. grande , Bulnh. x 510. Fig. 39, oblique front view of specimen having 
several chloroplasts ; Fig. 40, end view of a similar individual ; Fig. 41, front view of individual 
having one chloroplast only ; Fig. 42, end view of similar specimen. 
Figs. 43, 44. St. sexangulare , (Bulnh.) Lund, x 510. Fig. 43, front view ; Fig. 44, end view. 
Figs. 45, 46. St. Brasiliense , Nordst., var. Lundellii , West, x 510. Fig. 45, front view; 
Fig. 46, transverse section. 
Fig. 47, 48. St. tumidum, Breb., front view, x 510. 
Fig. 49. Staurastrum aver sum, Lund. x 510. Showing the more rapid budding of the 
peripheral parts of the chloroplast into the young semi-cell as compared with that of the axis itself. 
The longitudinal stretching of the pyreno-crystal preparatory to its constriction to form two is also 
to be seen. 
Fig. 50. Cylindrocystis crassa, de Bary. x 915. The pyrenoid of each chloroplast and the 
nucleus of the cell have already divided, whilst in the peripheral part of each chloroplast a transverse 
cleft has appeared into which a daughter nucleus is pressing its way, and the transverse wall is 
beginning to form. A number of proteid granules or small pyrenoids can also be seen in the 
peripheral parts of each chloroplast. 
•Pigs* 5L 52. Netrium oblongum, - (de Bary) Lutkem., var. cylindricum , W. and G. S. 
