Willis . — Plant Invasions of New Zealand . 479 
MONOCOTYLEDONS Invasion. 
Islands. 
MONOCOTY LEDONS 
Invasion. 
Islands. 
257. Dianella 
N? 
NH 
290. Schoenus 
WN 
— 
258. Phormium 
2 
N 
291. Cladium 
N 
H 
259. Bulbinella 
| 
— 
292. Lepidospenna 
N 
— ' 
260. Arthropodium 
2 
— 
293. Gahnia 
, WN 
H 
261. Herpolirion 
262. Iphigenia 
W? 
— 
294. Oreobolus 
2 
— 
s? 
— 
295. Uncinia 
sw 
H 
82. Juncaceae 
296. Carex 
sw 
KNH 
263. Rostkovia 
s 
./■ — ± ' 
91. Gramineae 
264. Juncus 
NWS 
H 
297. I mper at a 
N 
K 
265. Luzula 
s 
H 
298. Zoysia 
N 
— 
83. Palmae 
299. Paspalum 
N 
NH 
266. Rhopalostylis 
N 
KN 
300. Isachne 
N 
— 
84. Pandanaceae 
301. (. P anicuni ) 
(KN) 
267. Freycinetia 
N 
N 
302. Oplismenus 
K 
KNH 
85. Typhaceae 
268. Typha 
N 
KN 
303. ( Cenchrus ) 
304. Spinifex 
N 
(K) 
H 
269. Sparganium 
N 
1 ^r‘ '' 
305. Ehrharta 
s? 
— 
86. Lemnaceae 
306. Microlaena 
2 
N 
270. Lenina 
2 
— 
307. Hierochloe 
2 
— - ■ . 
87. Naiadaceae 
308. Stipa 
2 
— 
271. Triglochin 
w? 
— 
309. Echinopogon 
NW? 
NH 
272. Potamogeton 
w? 
— 
310. Alopecurus 
W? 
— 
273. Ruppia 
w? 
— 
3 1 1 . Sporobolus 
N? 
N 
274. Zannichellia 
w 
— 
31 2. SIMPLICIA 
275. Lepilaena 
2 
— 
313. Agrostis 
SW 
— ■ 
276. Zostera 
2 
— 
314. Deyeuxia {Calama- 
88. Centrolepidaceae 
grostis) 
2 
KNH 
277. Trithuria 
2 
315 • Dichelachne 
NW 
NH 
278. Centrolepis 
i 
— 
316. Deschampsia 
SW 
-IttS 
279. Gaimardia 
S 
— 
317. Triset um 
NS?'' 
— 
89. Restionaceae 
318. A mphibrom us 
N 
.. — 
280. Lepyrodia 
2 
— 
319. Danthonia 
S 
— 
281. Leptocarpus 
2 
— 
320. ( Eleusine ) 
(K) 
282. Ilypolaena 
2 
321. Arundo 
w? 
— 
90. Cyperaceae 
322. Triodia 
S 
— 
283. Kyllinga 
N 
Nil 
323. Koeleria 
s 
— 
284. Cyperus 
N 
N 
324 Poa 
ws 
KH 
285. Mariscus 
N 
NH 
325. Atropis 
w? 
— 
286. Eleocharis 
NW? 
N 
326. Festuca 
w? 
— 
287. Fimbristylis 
N 
— 
327. Broinus 
N 
— 
288. Scirpus 
NW? 
KNH 
328. Agropyrum 
NW? 
KNH 
289. Carpha 
ws 
329. Asperella 
2 
mm 
Looking at the map, it is evident that the western invasion most 
probably arrived by the ridge which reaches the western coast of New 
Zealand, and has two branches, one by Lord Howe Island, and one by 
Norfolk (the new map is a more recent one than the old, which shows the 
ridge not quite reaching Norfolk). The northern invasion is not so 
certain as to route. It may have passed by way of the Kermadecs, though 
we have already seen (11, p. 280) that this seems improbable; or it may 
have come by way of the belt of comparatively shallow water which 
unites the northern end of New Zealand with New Caledonia, and 
which passes through Norfolk Island. As this water is deeper than that 
over the western ridge, the northern may have been a more ancient 
invasion than the western, and there are other facts which point to 
the possibility of this, as we shall see in later papers. But in any case, 
northern, western, and Kermadec invasions all came from parts of 
