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Ilex Aquifolium , Z., in Reference to Specific Conductivity . 531 
Further details of these shoots can be seen at a glance from Diagram II, 
where they are drawn to scale to show the spacing of the nodes and inter- 
nodes. It should be particularly noticed that the shoots^ F and G are 
truncated. 
General Anatomy . 
In the transverse section 
of the stem there is a 
narrow bark and cortex, 
except in the first year’s 
growth, where it may 
occupy about a third of 
the diameter. The pith 
appears relatively small 
^t the base, but remains 
much the same actual size 
throughout a consider- 
able length, being little 
affected by the tapering 
of the stem, so that it 
appears relatively large at 
the apex. The wood is 
very hard and consists 
of dead, lignified ele- 
ments, separated radially 
by narrow medullary rays, 
which vary from one to 
four cells in thickness. 
The protoxylem elements 
are few in number and of 
narrow diameter. They 
are all water-conducting 
elements, the supporting 
tissue of the very young 
shoot being provided by 
a ring of fibres in the 
pericycle. Except at the 
apex of the one-year-old 
shoots, the protoxylem elements are inconspicuous, being obscured by dis- 
integration products due to pressure. In general the spring wood of the first 
year contains numerous large water-conducting elements immediately outside 
the primary xylem, while the autumn wood consists largely of fibres ; but 
just below the junction of each petiole, the first-year wood contains a well- 
defined radial group of very numerous small water-conducting elements, 
N n % 
40 - 
l.ej J - 
' ytaM 
/g M 
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/6 1 
Diagram II. 
