DECIDUOUS TREES. 
43 
some of tlie magnolias. It requires a dry and deep rich soil, 
in order to develop its greatest beauty ; but it will thrive in any 
good loam where there is a perfect drainage. 
Walnut — Juglans . — Under the name of walnut we have the 
European walnut, and the black walnut of our native forests. 
The European walnut, perhaps most commonly known as 
Madeira nut, although largely planted in France and Germany 
for its fruit, has not received much attention in this country. 
In our Northern States it is not quite hardy. As an ornamental 
tree, in a climate suited to it, it makes a pleasing variety because 
of the contrast in its foliage with that of most other trees ; but 
as it casts its foliage early in the season, it can not be commended 
for planting except in grounds of large extent and variety. 
The black walnut — juglans nigra — makes a very rapid growth, 
and becomes a very large and spreading tree. For broad streets 
in the country, or for massing in grounds of great extent, it is 
desirable ; but when there is only a limited space of say an acre 
or two to be planted, or a narrow avenue, it should not be used. 
As a single tree, where it can have space, the light and shade 
created by its foliage, and its sweeping, bold ramifications of 
outline, give to it an expression of beauty ; but it must have 
room. 
Willow — Salix . — There is a large genus of willows, all of 
narrow leaves and slender branches or spray. Few of them, 
however, are calculated for general introduction for ornamental 
planting. The weeping varieties will be found treated of under 
their appropriate head. Of the others, the golden — salix mtellina , 
with its bright yellow bark, is a tree, deserving of adoption 
wherever it can be grouped with the birch, wild cherry, or trees 
of a like character. It should be used, however, very sparingly, 
one or two being sufficient for grounds of even large extent. 
Occasionally a position is found where a single tree becomes 
very beautiful, from its rich shade of spray in winter, and its 
