130 
juice and the consistence of the pulp differ widely 
in different species of fruits, and therefore the 
specific gravity of the fruit will not always indicate 
the value of its fermented produce. The best cyder 
and perry are made from those apples and pears 
that afford the densest juices ; and a comparison 
between different fruits may be made with tolerable 
accuracy by plunging them together into a saturat- 
ed solution of salt, or a strong solution of sugar ; 
those that sink deepest will afford the richest juice. 
Starch or coagulated mucilage forms the greatest 
part of the seeds and grains used for food ; and 
they are generally combined with gluten, oil, or 
albuminous matter. In corn, with gluten ; in peas 
and beans, with albuminous matter ; and in rape- 
seed, hemp seed, linseed, and the kernels of most 
nuts, with oils. 
I found 100 parts of good full-grained wheat 
sown in autumn to afford 
Of Starch - 
77 
— Gluten - 
19 
100 parts of wheat sown in spring, 
Of Starch - 
70 
— Gluten 
24 
100 parts of Barbary wheat, 
Of Starch - 
74 
— Gluten 
23 
100 parts of Sicilian wheat, 
Of Starch - 
75 
— Gluten 
21 
I have examined different specimens of North 
American wheat ; all of them have contained rather 
more gluten than the British. 
In general, the 
wheat of warm climates abounds 
more in gluten, 
