APPENDIX I 
337 
have more than fifty rounds per man carried in one box. A little 
buckshot and blank ammunition should also be carried, the latter being 
useful for drill and firing salutes. 
Sporting ammunition should be carried in haversacks or magazines 
distributed about the loads, each rifle having its own bag of ammunition ; 
and a little should be carried in a couple of haversacks on the riding 
camel, ready to hand. The sporting cartridges for the day’s use should 
be carried in the pockets of the sportsman and his two hunters. If one 
large box of spare sporting ammunition and one box of Snider ball 
ammunition be also carried, we must allow — spare ammunition, \ 
camel-load. 
The loads for the ten baggage camels will be as follows : — 
Camel-loads. 
(a) Native rations ...... 4 
( b ) European rations . . . . 1J 
(c) Private European baggage . . . .3 
(d) Ammunition ...... \ 
(e) Cloth and other extras . . . .1 
Total 10 
The expenses of such a trip may be conveniently grouped as follows 
(1) Purchase of tent, rifles, and kit in London or Bombay. 
(2) Passages to and from Aden. 
(3) Hotel expenses in Aden. 
(4) Purchase of necessaries at Aden. 
(5) Passage from Aden to the Somali coast and back. 
(6) Purchase and sale of necessaries at the coast, 
(7) Purchase and sale of camels at the coast. 
(8) Petty expenses in the interior. 
(9) Pay of men of the caravan. 
Only in the case of the last four items— that is, the sums which will 
be actually spent in Somaliland itself — can I give estimates ; but it is 
just in these items the local knowledge is so valuable. 
The currency used at Aden and the Somali coast ports is silver, 
usually rupees, or dollars (worth 2J rupees) ; and the rupee is constant 
as regards purchasing power. The value of a rupee in English money 
can be found daily in the newspapers. When I was last at Aden a 
sovereign was worth about 16 rupees. A large supply of 2-anna pieces 
is necessary. 
Purchase of Tent, Rifles, and other Kit 
I recommend a double-fly 80 lb. “Cabul” tent. Somalis, who take 
shelter from rain under camel-mats, do not require a tent. I consider 
that in a comparatively dry country like Somaliland camp-furniture is 
superfluous. My tent arrangements are very simple. Between the two 
tent-poles five of the wooden store-boxes are placed side by side. One 
set of soft camel-mats (the Somali substitute for a pack-saddle) is spread 
over the boxes, and my blankets and pillow go over all. When 
marching fast I never pitch the tent at all, and in this case the 
boxes are piled to windward, to form a rampart about five feet high. 
Camel-mats are thrown over for a roof, and the bed is spread out on 
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