342 THROUGH SOMALILAND AND ABYSSINIA 
Tims we have 510 rupees expenditure after deducting the proceeds of 
the selling-off auction, so that 550 rupees should well cover expenses 
under this head ; the lierio are the sets of camel-mats which are the 
Somali substitute for a pack-saddle. Three auss, or grass mats, and one 
Mbit, or soft bark mat, make a complete set. 
The axes are for cutting brushwood for the zeriba, and some of them 
may be made specially heavy for cutting out ivory. Good axes from 
England might be useful for this purpose. " 
The hangol are crooked sticks used for pulling about thorny brush- 
wood. 
The cloth required might be made up of : — 
Rupees. 
3 Khaili, or coloured tobes, at 7 rupees . . 21 
8 Bafta tobes, at 2J rupees . . . .17 
56 MeriTcdrd tobes, at 2 rupees . . . . 112 
150 
The purchase of twelve camels will cost about 600 rupees, and their 
sale at the end of the trip (allowing for one death) will produce about 400 
rupees. 
The petty expenses in the interior have been provided for by 200 
rupees’ worth of cloth and 120 rupees in cash, already included under the 
heading of expenses in Berbera. A common native engaged for a day’s 
work will usually get 8 annas or the equivalent in cloth. Presents for 
game bagged may be given according to taste, from 40 rupees for a good 
bull elephant to 25 rupees for a lion, or 5 rupees for a bull oryx. The 
present for one animal should be distributed among those who aided in 
bringing it to bag, however slight their services ; in fact, for a good trophy 
it has been my custom to reward slightly every member of my caravan. 
A sheep costs from 4 to 5 rupees ; a heifer about 18 rupees ; a camel, 40 
to 50 rupees (either for the butcher or transport) ; a pony, 90 rupees and 
upwards ; a goat for the butcher, 2 to 3 rupees ; a milk goat, 8 to 10 
rupees ; a donkey, 14 rupees. The latter animal is a long way the best 
for tying up at night as a bait for lions, as the lion likes no flesh better, 
and the loud bray attracts any that may be near. A white goat, which 
is young enough to bleat, is the best bait for a leopard. 
The pay for the men of the caravan for six weeks will be approximately 
as follows : 1 — 
Rate per 
month. 
Rupees. Rupees. 
60 1 caravan leader or headman ... 90 
30 1 butler ..... 45 
30 1 cook ...... 45 
30 1 hunter ..... 45 
Carry forward 225 
the baggage camel and a smaller and neater one for the fast camel. Neither has 
stirrups, as an Arab coolie presses his feet into the groove of the camel’s neck, a very 
comfortable way of riding. 
1 These rates are what would be given to men highly skilled at their duties ; the 
great thing to avoid is spoiling the market for other travellers. 
