344 
THROUGH SOMALILAND AND ABYSSINIA 
European. Half of the water is used by the Somali for boiling with his rice, 
the other half for drinking ; and if his ration is of camel-meat instead 
of rice, he will be perfectly satisfied with half a gallon per diem for all 
purposes. For the purposes of our calculation, however, we will allow a 
gallon per diem, because an eating camel is not always to be had, and 
a day’s halt is necessary to enable the men to cut up and sun-dry 
the meat. The Somali, although he bathes at every pool where water 
is to be had, does not try to wash in the Hand. It is comforting, 
however, for a European or native of India to keep up the appearance 
of cleanliness so far as a damp sponge and a little water in a saucer will 
permit. 
Somali camels require no water for any march under ten days, and can 
do longer at a pinch. If water is plentiful they would be watered every 
five days or so. Donkeys, sheep, and goats should have a few pints every 
second day, and Somali ponies should have about two gallons per diem, 
or four gallons every second day, though at a pinch they can go, accord- 
ing to the natives, from three to four days without water. 
On one trip I took an Arab pony from India for three and a half 
months. He did excellently, and was faster and up to more weight than 
Somali ponies. But he required grain and a larger allowance of water 
than a Somali pony. I think we carried for him five gallons per diem. 
If an Arab riding camel be imported from Aden, it must be remembered 
that it is accustomed to drink at least once a day, and in the Haud must 
be given four gallons every second daju 
As regards transport of water, a full load for a camel is two 12-gallon 
casks ; a gallon of water weighs 10 lbs., and there is the weight of the 
casks to take into account. 
In order to calculate the number of baggage camels and camelmen 
required, we shall have to add up the number of camel-loads coming 
under the following headings (see Example I) 
Camel-loads. 
Rations for 9 natives for 56 days (with per- 
centage added) . . . . 4J 
Rations, 56 days, 1 European ... 2 
Private baggage of European ... 3 
Spare ammunition for European and for 9 of 
the escort .... 1 
Cloth and extras .... 1 
Water for 1 European and 9 natives for 7 days 
(assuming no animals but Somali camels 
are taken across the Haud) . . 3J 
Total 1 5 
The rations for 56 days for one camelman (with percentage added) will 
be 66 lbs. rice, 38 lbs. dates, 10 lbs. ghee ; add his spare ammunition 
5 lbs., and water for 7 days 70 lbs., and we get a total of 189 lbs., or 
about t 8 t of a camel-load. 
By a calculation similar to that employed in Example I, we shall find 
that the number of camels required will be 24, and the number of baggage 
camelmen, 12. 
The composition of our caravan will therefore be as follows : — 
